Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dráwgah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos.

Noun

*dráwgah n

lie, deception
untruth
falsehood

Derived terms

*dráwgah-māihkāh (“falsehood, lie”)
- Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/) [1]
  Sogdian: [script needed] (δrγmh), [script needed] (δrγmʾ)
  Manichaean: 𐫋𐫄𐫖𐫀‎ (jǧmʾ)
  Syriac: ݍܮܡܐ‎ (žγmʾ)
*dráwgah-māihikah (“false, lying”)
- Bactrian: δρωγομιγο (drōgomigo /drōg^umīg/) [2]
- Parthian: (/drōγmīg/) [3]
  Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃𐫖𐫏𐫃‎ (drwgmyg)
*dráwgah-wánts (“fllower of falsehood”)
- Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙‎ (drəguuaṇt, “follower of the Lie”)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙‎ (druuaṇt)
- Middle Persian: (/druwand/)
  Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫗𐫅‎ (drwnd)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwnd)
  Unspecified: [Term?]
  - Classical Persian: دروند‎ (durōwand) [4]
*dráwgah-ĵanah (“lier”)
- Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬌𐬥𐬀‎ (draojina)
- Parthian: [script needed] (*drwgcn /drō(γ)žan/)
  - → Old Armenian: դրուժան (družan)
  - → Classical Persian: دروغزن‎ (durōγzan)
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎩𐎴 (d-r-u-j-n /draujana/)
  - Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫉𐫗‎ (drwzn)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwcn')
    - Judeo-Persian: דרוזנ‎ (drwzn /durōzan/)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀‎ (druga)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀‎ (draoγa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (drrūja, “falsehood”) [5]
- Sodgo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: λρωγο (lrōgo /lrōg/), δδρωγο (ddrōgo /δrōg/) [6]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: دروگ‎ (dirúg)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: derew
  Central Kurdish: درۆ‎ (diro, dro)
  Southern Kurdish: دروو‎ (dirû, drû)
  Laki: دروو‎ (dirû, drû)
- Medo-Parthian: [Term?]
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: [script needed] (duroɣ) (May be from Classic Persian)
    - Old Mazanderani: درو‎ (durō ~ dirō)
      - Mazanderani: دورو‎ (durō)
  - Old Median: *drauga
    - Talysh: (/dorū/)
      Arabic: درو‎
      Latin: doru
  - Parthian: (/drōγ/) [7]
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃‎ (drwg)
    - → Classical Persian: دروغ‎ (durōɣ)
      Dari: دروغ‎ (durōɣ)
      Iranian Persian: دروغ‎ (dorūɣ)
      Tajik: дурӯғ (durüġ)
      - → Mazanderani: درغ‎ (dəroǧ)
      - → Pashto: دروغ‎ (daróǧ, dëróǧ)
  - Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: درۋێ‎ (dirʋē)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (d-r-u-g /drauga/)
  - Middle Persian: (/drō/)
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫇‎ (drw)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KDBA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwb')

References

Gharib, B. (1995), “δrγmh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 207
Saloumeh Gholami (2009), "δρωγομιγο" in Selected Features of Bactrian Grammar, Göttingen.
Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), “drwgmyg”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 170
, Dehkhoda Dictionary.
Bailey, H. W. (1979), “drrūja”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 188
Saloumeh Gholami (2009), "δρωγομιγο" in Selected Features of Bactrian Grammar, Göttingen.
Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), “drwg”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 170

[1] Gharib, B. (1995), “δrγmh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 207

[2] Saloumeh Gholami (2009), "δρωγομιγο" in Selected Features of Bactrian Grammar, Göttingen.

[3] Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), “drwgmyg”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 170

[4] , Dehkhoda Dictionary.

[5] Bailey, H. W. (1979), “drrūja”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 188

[6] Saloumeh Gholami (2009), "δρωγομιγο" in Selected Features of Bactrian Grammar, Göttingen.

[7] Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), “drwg”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 170