Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/druwištah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *druwáh +‎ *-ištah.

Adjective

*druwištah[1]

superlative degree of *druwáh (“firm; healthy, whole”): right, true; straight; healthy, whole

Descendants

Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: [script needed] (drust), [script needed] (darust)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: دروست‎ (dirust, drust, “right, true; straight; healthy, unharmed”)
  Northern Kurdish: dirust, drust (“right, true; truthful, honest; just”)
  Southern Kurdish: درس‎ (diris, dris, “right, true; truthful, honest; just”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *druwištəh
  - Caspian:
    - Mazanderani: [script needed] (dɛšt, “whole”)
  - Old Median: *druwištəh
    - Middle Median: *druwišt, *društ
      - Kermanic: (“right, true”)
        Kafroni: [script needed] (durus)
        Kesehi: [script needed] (durus)
        Sedehi: [script needed] (duruss)
        Vonishuni: [script needed] (duruss)
        Varzenehi: [script needed] (doruss)
      - Sivandi: derūss
      - Talysh: дырыс
  - Parthian: (/dru(vi)št/, “whole, unharmed”)
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫢𐫤‎ (drwšt), 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫢𐫎‎ (drwšṯ)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Lari-Fars:
  - Northwestern Fars:
    Buringuni: [script needed] (durus)
    Papuni: [script needed] (durus)
    Somghani: [script needed] (durus)
  - Lari: [script needed] (doross)
- Old Persian: [script needed] (*dᵘruvišta)
  - Middle Persian: ("right, well, healthy")
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫘𐫤‎ (dryst /drīst/)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (drwyst' /druyist/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (drwst' /drust/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (drwdst')[2]
    - Classical Persian: درست‎ (durust)
      - Iranian Persian: درست‎ (dorost)
      - Tajik: дуруст (durust)
      - Judeo-Tat:
        Cyrillic: дуьруьст (dyryst)
        Latin: dyryst
      - → Middle Armenian: դրուստ (drust), տրուստ (trust)
        Armenian: դրուստ (drust)
      - → Azerbaijani: dürüst
      - → Bashkir: дөрөҫ (döröθ)
      - → Hindi: दुरुस्त (durust)
      - → Kazakh: дұрыс (dūrys)
      - → Kyrgyz: дурус (durus)
      - → Ormuri:
        Kaniguram: [script needed] (durust, “straight; right, true”)
      - → Pashto:
        Pashto: درست‎ (drəst, “whole, all”)
        Vaeiri: درست‎ (drəsta)
      - → Tatar: дөрес (döres)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: درست‎ (dürüst)
        Turkish: dürüst
      - → Urdu: درست‎ (durust)
      - → Yidgha: [script needed] (drust, “all, entirely”)

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), “*dr̥ṷa-, *druṷa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 359–360
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “drust”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), “*dr̥ṷa-, *druṷa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 359–360

[2] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “drust”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press