Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/daywáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás.

Noun

*daywáh m

demon; malevolent being

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (daēuua)
  - → English: daeva
Northeastern Iranian:
- Scythian: [Term?]
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (dyū, “demon”)
  - Ossetian: [Term?] (“evil spirit”)
    Digor: ӕудеу (æwdew)
    Iron: ӕудиу (æwdiw)
- Sogdian: [Term?] (“demon; unreliable person”)
  Sogdian: [script needed] (δyw /δēw/),
  Manichaean: 𐫔𐫏𐫇‎ (δyw /δēw/),
  Syriac: ܕܝܘ‎ (dyw /δēw/)
  - → Persian: لیوه‎ (līve, “unreliable, lier person”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (lew, “a night-mare, a night-spectre that eats people”)
- Pashto: دېو‎ (dew) (perhaps borrowed from Persian), دېب‎ (deb)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: دیو‎ (dêw)
- Kurdish: (“demon, giant, monster”)
  Central Kurdish: دێو‎ (dêw)
  Northern Kurdish: dêw
  Southern Kurdish: دێو‎ (dêw)
  Laki: دێڤ‎ (dêv)
- Medo-Parthian: *daywə́h
  - Caspian:
    - Old Mazanderani: دیب‎ (dēb, “demon”)
      - Mazanderani: دب‎ (deb), دو‎ (dev)
    - Gilaki: یوها‎ (yuhā, “demon”) (perhaps)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫏𐫇‎ (dyw /dēw/, “demon”)
    - → Old Armenian: դև (dew)
      - Armenian: դև (dew)
      - → Georgian: დევი (devi)
    - ⇒ Parthian:
      Manichaean: 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫃‎ (dywg /dēwag/, “insect; worm, vermin”)
      - → Persian: دیوک‎ (dīvak, “worm; insect; bug; toxic mushroom”), دیوه‎ (dīve, “silk worm”)
  - Old Tati:
    Old Azari: دیو‎ (dēw)
    - Karingani: dēv
    - Harzani: dev
  - Zazaki: dêw, dêb, dyêb
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v /daivaʰ/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫏𐫇‎ (dyw /dēw/, “evil spirit, demon”)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /dēw/, “evil spirit, demon”)
    - Classical Persian: [Term?]
      - → Arabic: ديو‎ (díyu)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: دیو‎ (div)
      - → Urdu: دیو‎ (dīv)
      - Iranian Persian: دیو‎ (div, “demon”)
        → English: div
    - ⇒ Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dywwk' /dēwōg/, “leech”)
      - Persian: دیوک‎ (dīvok, dīvak, “leech”)
  - → Aramaic: דיוא‎ (daywā)
    - Classical Syriac: ܕܝܘܐ‎ (daywā)