Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cāčáyati

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cāčáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćāčáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱok-éye-ti, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”) +‎ *-éyeti.

Verb

*cāčáyati[1]

1. to prepare, make ready
2. to make, build

Derived terms

• *fracāčáyati[1][2] (+ *fra- (“toward, forward”))
  • Ossetian: (“to drive, strike, stick in”)

    Digor: ræsaʒun

  • Sogdian: (“to train, teach, tame”)

    Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼊‎ (ʾβsʾɣty, 3sg.pres.ind.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼉𐼑𐼀𐼛‎ (ʾβsʾxsʾt, 3sg.pres.subj.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼉𐼑𐼀𐼊‎ (ʾβsʾxsʾy, 3sg.pres.opt.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋‎ (ʾβsʾɣtk /(ə)fsaɣdē/, ta-ptc.)

• *ācāčáyati[1] (+ *ā-)
  • Sogdian: (“suitable, compatible”)

    Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼀𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋‎ (ʾʾsʾɣtk /āsaɣdē/, ta-ptc.)

    Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ʾsʾqy)

    • → Persian: آسغده‎‎ (âsağdah, “prepared, disposed”)[3]

• *hamcāčáyati[1][4] (+ *ham- (“together, joint, paired”))
  • Khwarezmian: 𐾽𐾿𐾹𐾿𐾰𐿂‎ (msxsʾr, “to be reconciled”, 3pl.impf.act.), [script needed] (msʾcyd, “get ready, prepare”, impf.)
  • Middle Persian: (“to make ready; to fix, dispose”)

    Manichaean: 𐫍𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫀𐫅‎ (hsʾcyhʾd /hassāzēhād/, 3sg.subj.act.), 𐫍𐫘𐫀𐫟𐫎‎ (hsʾxṯ, ta-ptc.)

  • Sogdian: (“to prepare, fix, dispose”)

    Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼀𐼋‎ (ʾnsʾɣtʾk /ansaɣdē/, ta-ptc.)

• *nicāčáyati[1]
  • Parthian: (“to prepare, make ready”)

    Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫅‎ (nysʾcʾd /nisāžād/, 2pl.subj.act.), 𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫅‎ (nysʾzyd /nisāžēd/, pl.impv.)

• *paticāčáyati[1][5] (+ *pati-)
  • Parthian: (“to make, prepare, fashion, arrange, build”)

    Manichaean: 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫅‎ (psʾcyd /passāžēd/)

  • Middle Persian: (“to make, prepare, fashion, arrange, build”)

    Manichaean: 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫗𐫅‎ (psʾcynd /passāzēnd/, 3pl.pres.act.)

    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (psʾcyt /passāzēd/)

  • Sogdian: (/patsāč-/, “to arrange, order”)

    Manichaean: 𐫛𐫤𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫖‎ (ptsʾcym, 1pl.pres.subj.act.), 𐫛𐫤𐫘𐫄𐫤𐫏𐫏‎ (ptsɣtyy /patsaɣdē/, ta-ptc.)

    Sogdian: 𐼾𐽂𐼼𐼰𐼲𐽂𐼷‎ (ptsʾɣty), 𐼾𐽂𐼼𐼰𐼲𐽂𐼸‎ (ptsʾɣtk /patsaɣdē/, ta-ptc.)

    Old Sogdian: 𐼔𐼚𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋‎ (ptsʾɣtk /patsaɣdē/, ta-ptc.)

    Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ptsʾcy, 2sg.pres.ind.act.)

    • → Persian: پاساخت‎ (pâsâxt), Persian: پسغده‎ (pasağdah, “disposed, prepared, experienced”)[3]
  • → Old Armenian: պատշաճեմ (patšačem, “to conform, agree”), պատշաճ (patšač, “suitable, proper”)[6]

• *wicāčáyati[1] (+ *wi-)
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (mwsxs-, “to disconnect”)

Descendants

• Eastern Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬆𐬨‎ (sācaiiaṇtəm)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (sājäti)
  • Ossetian: (“to place (in), dig in; to build, construct”)

    Digor: садзун (saʒun), сагъд (saǧd)

    Iron: садзын (saʒyn), сагъд (saǧd)

  • Sogdian: (“to be proper, behove; to be necessary”)

    Sogdian: 𐼼𐼰𐼿𐽂‎ (sʾct)

    Old Sogdian: 𐼑𐼀𐼕𐼛‎ (sʾct)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: ساتل‎ (sātə́l, “to defend, protect; guard, watch over”)
  • → Yazghulami: [script needed] (saǰ-, “to prepare (a bed, etc.)”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: سَاچِیت‎ (sāčit, “to adjust, be suitable, agree”)
  • Kermanic: (“to do, build”)

    Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi, Nayini, Tari: sāta

    Anaraki, Varzenehi: sāte

    Ardestani, Isfahani: satän

    Gazi: sāt (“to be reconciled with”)

    Jowshaqani: sātan

    Khunsari, Mahallati: sāt (“to prepare, do”)

  • Parthian: (“to prepare, make”)

    Manichaean: 𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫅‎ (sʾcyd /sāžēd/, pl.impv.), 𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫅‎ (sʾcʾd /sāžād/, pp.II)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (“to make, prepare”)

    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sʾcyt /sāzēd/)

    • Persian: ساختن‎ (sâxtan)

References

1. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*sač¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323
2. Gharib, B. (1995), “ʾβsʾʾc-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 19b
3. Gharib, B. (1995), “Proto-Iranian/cāčáyati”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, pages 103-104
4. Benzing, Johannes (1983), “(ʾ)sxs-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 95
5. Gharib, B. (1995), “ptsʾc-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 316b
6. Benveniste, Émile (1964), “Éléments parthes en arménien”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes. Nouvelle série‎ (in French), volume 1, page 6 of 1–39