Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cárguš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárguš (“predatory animal”).

Noun

*cárguš m[1]

lion

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: 𑀲𑀭𑁅 (sarau)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: 𐾿𐿂𐾳 (srɣ /sarɣ/)
  - Sogdian:
    Manichaean: 𐫢𐫡𐫇𐫄‎ (šrwǧ)
    Old Sogdian: 𐼙𐼘𐼄𐼇‎ (šrɣw)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish: şêr
- Parthian:
  Manichaean: 𐫢𐫃𐫡‎ (šgr /šaɣr/)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *šarguš[2]
  - Early Middle Persian: (/šaɣr/)
    Manichaean: 𐫢𐫃𐫡‎ (šgr)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (šgr)
    - Late Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyr /šēr/)
      - Classical Persian: شیر‎ (šêr)
        Dari: شیر‎ (šêr)
        Iranian Persian: شیر‎ (šîr)
        Tajik: шер (šer)
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: शेर (śer)
        Urdu: شیر‎ (śer)
        → Ottoman Turkish: شیر‎ (şîr)
        Turkish: şir
  - ⇒ Old Persian: *šargudātaʰ[2]
    - → Elamite: 𒃻𒅕𒆪𒁕𒁕 (*šá-ir-ku-da-da)
  - ⇒ Old Persian: *šargunayaʰ[2]
    - → Elamite: 𒃻𒅕𒆪𒉌𒉿 (*šá-ir-ku-ni-ya)

References

Witzel, Michael (2003) Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 14
Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 229

[1] Witzel, Michael (2003) Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 14

[Hinz-2] Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 229