Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cyaHwáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHwás.

Adjective

*cyaHwáh[1][2]

black-brown, dark brown, dark

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (siiāuua)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Old Ossetic:
    Sarmatian: Σαυρομάτοι (Sauromátoi)
    - Ossetian: сау (saw)
  - Proto-Saka:
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (śāva)
    - Wakhi: [script needed] (šыw)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (sʾw /sāw/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (šʾw), [script needed] (šw /šāw/)
    - Yagnobi: šōw
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (ṣ̌u), [script needed] (su)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *siyāwə́h
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫇‎ (syʾw /syāw/)
    - → Old Armenian: սեաւ (seaw) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Middle Persian:
      Manichaean: 𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫇‎ (syʾw /syāw/)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sydʾ /syā/)
      - Classical Persian: سیاه‎ (siyāh)
        Hazaragi: [script needed] (siyā), [script needed] (siyō)
        Iranian Persian: سیاه‎ (siyâh)
        Tajik: сиёҳ (siyoh)
        → Crimean Tatar: siya
        → Turkish: siyah
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: سیاۋ(ە)‎ (siyāʋ(a))
    - Zazaki: sya (syā)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: [script needed] (*šyāva) ~ [script needed] (*θyāva)[3]
  - → Elamite: 𒅆𒅀𒈠 (ši-ia-ma), 𒋾𒅀𒈠 (ti-ia-ma)
  - Lurish:
    - Northern Luri: سؽ‎ (sê)
      Nahavandi: سی‎ (si)
      Balagariveh: سیاْ‎ (sya)
    - Bakhtiari: ساْ‎ (sa)
    - Southern Luri: سهو‎ (seho)
  - → Old Georgian: შავი (šavi)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204
Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 14

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204

[3] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 14