Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwā́

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́.

Noun

*cwā́

dog
Synonym: *kútah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁‎ (spā)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (śve)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: سپی‎ m (spay), سپۍ‎ f (spëy)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: se
  - Central Kurdish: سەگ‎ (seg)
- Medo-Parthian: *spā́kəh
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: اسپه‎ (əspə), سک‎ (sək)
    - Mazanderani: سک‎ (sak)
  - Old Median: σπάκα (spā́kəʰ)
    - Middle Median: *əspā́k, *əsbā́k
      - Alviri-Vidari: اسبه‎ (asbe)
      - Kermani:
        Zoroastrian Dari: seba
        Kashani: esba
      - Tafreshi:
        Ashtiani: esba
      - Tatic: [Term?]
        Old Tati: [Term?]
        Karingani: اسپا (espā)
        Harzani: اسبا (əsbā)
        Talysh:
        Cyrillic: сыпә
        Latin: sıpə
      - → Old Armenian: ասպակ (aspak), ասպականի (aspakani)
    - Semnani: اسپه (espe)
  - Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫃‎ (ʿspg /ispag/)
    - → Persian: اسبه‎ (esba)
  - Zaza-Gorani: [Term?]
    - Gurani: سپە‎ (sipa)
    - Zazaki: espe (aspa)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐏂𐎣 (çaka)
  - Middle Persian: (/sak, sag/)
    Manichaean: 𐫘𐫃‎ (sg)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KLBA)
    Psalter Pahlavi: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (sky)
    - Persian: سگ‎ (sag)
    - Tat: səy (say)