Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwíšah

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwíšah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwíšas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwís-o-s, from *ḱweys- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”).

Noun

*cwíšah[1]

1. louse

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬌𐬱‎ (spiš)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Ossetian:

    Digor: систæ (sistæ)

    Iron: сыст (syst)

  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (spʾh)
    • Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (špšh /šp(i)š/)
      • Yagnobi:

        Latin: špuš (šᵘpúš, šⁱpúš)

  • Wakhi: šiš
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (spōī), [script needed] (spūī)
    • Parachi: espō, ispō
  • Pamir:
    • Munji-Yidgha:
      • Munji: [script needed] (s(ᵊ)pəyă)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (spūo), [script needed] (špūo)
    • Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (s(ь)puḷ), [script needed] (s(ь)pьl)
    • Shugni-Yazghulami:
      • Sarikoli: [script needed] (spal)
      • Shughni: сипáг̌ (sipáɣ̌), [script needed] (səpuž)
    • Yazghulami: [Term?] (/səpaw/), [Term?] (/spaw/), [Term?] (/spaq/)
  • Pathan:
    • Pashto:

      Pashto: شپږه‎ (špë́ģa), سپږه‎ (spë́ģa)

      Waziri: [script needed] (spaža)

    • Waneci: [script needed] (zɣānzi)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Komisenian:
    • Sangisari: اسپز (espaz)
  • Baluchi: [script needed] (šiš)
  • Caspian:
    • Gilaki: سبج‎ (səbəj)
    • Mazanderani: اسبیج‎ (isbīǰ), اسپیج‎ (ispīǰ)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: spih, spî

    Central Kurdish: ئەسپێ‎ (espê), سپێ‎ (spê)

    Southern Kurdish: سِپیە‎ (sipye)

    Laki: ئِسپِژ‎ (ispij)

  • Old Median: *spíšəh
    • Middle Median: *spiš
      • Kermanic:

        Ashtiani: esbéza

        Khunsari: ešpiž

        Nayini: šibiš

        Yazdi: šeweš

      • Sivandi: peš
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Alviri-Vidari: [script needed] (isbiǰ)
        • Talysh:

          Asalemi: اسبج‎ (əsbəj)

        • Old Tati:
          • Farvi: espej
          • Ramandi: espeja
          • Shahrudi:

            Koluri: esbej

            Shali: sebej

      • → Middle Persian:

        Book Pahlavi: 𐮽𐮾𐯍𐮲𐯀‎ (spyš /spiš/)

        • Classical Persian: شپش‎ (šipiš)
          • Dari: ایشپیش‎ (išpiš)
            • Hazaragi: [script needed] (išpíš)
          • Iranian Persian: شپش‎ (šepeš)
          • Sistani: پش‎ (paš)
          • Tajik: шабушк (šabušk)
  • Semnani:
    • Sangisari: اسپز (ɛspaz)
    • Sorkhei: [script needed] (teš)
  • Zaza-Gurani:
    • Gurani: ھەشپشی‎ (hašpišī)
    • Zazaki: espice (aspiǰa), espije (aspiža)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Larestani–Gulf:
    • Gulf:
      • Bashkardi:

        Bandari: [script needed] (šöš), [script needed] (šüš)

        Hormozi: [script needed] (šöš)

        Minābi: [script needed] (šöš)

      • Kumzari:

        Kumzari: šöš

        Lāraki: šiš

    • Lari-Fars:
      • Southwestern Fars:

      Judeo-Shirazi: [script needed] (teš)

      Lari: [script needed] (heš), [script needed] (eš)

  • Northern Luri: [script needed] (šeš)
  • Old Persian: [script needed] (*siša)
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (*siš)
      • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (šeš)

References

1. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 135