< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaytáh
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós.
Adjective
*cwaytáh
- white
- bright
Derived terms
- *cwaytakah
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (spydy̆k)
- Sogdic:
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾsp(ʾ)ytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾyty), [script needed] (spyṯy /ɨspḗt(ē̆)/)
- Yagnobi: [script needed] (sⁱpḗta)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Northwestern Iranian:
- → Middle Persian: (/spēdag/)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spytk')
- Classical Persian: سپیده (sapēda), سفیده (safēda)
- Iranian Persian: سپیده (sepide), سفیده (sefide)
- → Old Armenian: սպիտակ (spitak)
- → Old Georgian: სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi)
- → Arabic: سِبِيدَاج (sibīdāj), إِسْبِيدَاج (ʾisbīdāj), أَسْبِيدَاج (ʾasbīdāj), إِسْبِدَاج (ʾisbidāj), إِسْفِيدَاج (ʾisfīdāj), إِسْفِيذَاج (ʾisfīḏāj), سِبِيذَاج (sibīḏāj), أَسْفِيدَاج (ʾasfīdāj), أَسْفِيذَاج (ʾasfīḏāj)
- → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפִּדַכָא / אִסְפִּידַכָא (ʾəspīḏaḵā)
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܕܟܐ / ܐܣܦܝܕܟܐ (ʾəspīḏaḵā), ܣܦܕܟܐ / ܣܦܝܕܟܐ (spīḏaḵā), ܣܦܝܕܓܐ (spīḏaġā)
- → Middle Persian: (/spēdag/)
- Northeastern Iranian:
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta)
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (śśīta), [script needed] (śśīya)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾyt)
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (safed)
- Pashto: سپين (spin)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
- Munji: [script needed] (spī)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
- Shughni: [script needed] (safēd)
- Yazghulami: [script needed] (səpid)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: spî, sipî
- Central Kurdish: سپی (spî)
- Southern Kurdish: سپید (spîd)
- Laki: ئسپێ (spê)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *spaytə́h
- Old Median: *spaytə́h
- Middle Median: *spḗt
- Proto-Tatic:
- Alviri-Vidari: ایسبی (isbi), ایسپی (ispi)
- Harzani: اسبی (esbī)
- → Old Armenian: սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit)
- → Old Georgian: სპეტი (sṗeṭi)
- Proto-Tatic:
- Middle Median: *spḗt
- Parthian:
- Manichaean: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅 (ʿspyd /ispēd/)
- → Middle Persian: (/spēd, ispēd/)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spyt')
- Manichaean: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅 (ʿspyd)
- Bakhtiari: اسپید (espēð)
- Classical Persian: سپید (sapēd), اسپید (ispēd), سفید (safēd), اسفید (isfēd)
- Hazaragi: سفیت (safít)
- Iranian Persian: سفید (sefid)
- Sistani: سفی (sfē)
- Tajik: сафед (safed)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: सफ़ेद (safed)
- Urdu: سفید
- → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)
- Shahmukhi: سَفَید (safaid)
- Punjabi:
- Zazaki: sipî, spî
- Old Median: *spaytə́h
- Kurdish:
References
Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation), Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 205