Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰárati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰérm̥-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥m-énti / *ǵʰr̥m-tór ~ *ǵʰr̥m-n̥tór, from *ǵʰrem- (“to vex; to be angry”).[1]

Verb

*ȷ́ʰárati ~ *gʰr̥mánti / *ȷ́ʰr̥ntáy ~ *gʰr̥matáy[2]

(transitive) to vex, torment
(intransitive) to be angry, upset

Derived terms

*ȷ́ʰáȷ́ʰarānás (reduplicated aorist middle participle)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áźʰarānás
  - Sanskrit: जुहुरान (juhurāná)
- Proto-Iranian: *jájarānáh
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀‎ (zazarāna, ptc.pf.med.)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰṛṇtáy ~ *gʰṛmatáy
- Sanskrit: हृणीषे (hṛṇīṣé, 2sg.pres.med.), हृणीते (hṛṇīte, 3sg.pres.med.), हृणान (hṛṇāná, ptc.med.)
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: हृणि (hṛṇi), घृणि (ghṛṇi, “anger”)
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: हृणीयते (hṛṇīyate, “be angry”)
Proto-Iranian: *járati (see there for further descendants)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*gram-, *gar-m-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 284-286

[LIV_gheRH-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*gram-, *gar-m-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 284-286