Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ráyas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Likely from the BMAC substrate.[1]

Noun

*ȷ́ráyas n

expanse, vastness
ocean

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ráyas
- Sanskrit: ज्रयस् (jráyas)
Proto-Iranian: *jráyah
- Central Iranian:
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵‎ (zraiiah), 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵‎ (zraiiaŋh, gen.sg.)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - >? Ossetian: фурд (furd) (see there for further descendants)
  - Sogdian:
    Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏‎ (zry /zrē/)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: زرا‎ (zirā)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: زەریا‎ (zerya)
    Northern Kurdish: zirya, zerîya, zirê, zerya
    Southern Kurdish: دەڵیا‎ (dellya)
    Laki:
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Caspian:
      - Gilaki: [script needed] (deryā)
      - Mazanderani: دریو‎ (deryō)
    - Parthian:
      Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫆‎ (zryẖ /zrēh/), 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫏‎ (zryy /zrēh/), 𐫉𐫡𐫆‎ (zrẖ /zirh/)
      - → Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlyh /zrēh/)
        Persian: زراه‎ (zirāh, zerāh, zarāh)
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Talysh:
        Northern Talysh: dıyo
        Southern Talysh: دیو‎ (dəyo), زریه‎ (zeryə) (in some regional)
      - Old Tati:
        Harzani: دریو (daryö)
        Karingani: دریو (daryu)
    - Zazaki: deryay
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (d-r-y /draya/)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: دریا‎ (diryā)
      Bakhtiari: دریا‎ (diryā)
    - Middle Persian:
      Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫀𐫁‎ (dryʾb /drayāb/)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlydʾp̄ /drayāb/)
      - Persian: دریا‎ (daryâ)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki