Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćatám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Numeral

*ćatám

hundred

Derived terms

*catákah (“one hundred years, century”)
- Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)
  Central Kurdish: سەدە‎ (sede /sada/), صەدە‎ (ṣede /sˤada/)
  Northern Kurdish: sede (/sada/)
- Middle Persian: (/sadag/, “century; Sadeh festival”)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stk')
  Pazend: 𐬯𐬀𐬛𐬀‎ (sada)
  - Classical Persian: سده‎ (sada)
    Dari: سده‎ (sada)
    Iranian Persian: سده‎ (sade)
    Tajik: сада (sada)
  - → Arabic: سدق‎ (sadaq, “Sadeh festival”), سذق‎ (saḏaq)
    - → Pashto: صده‎ (sadá), سدۍ‎ (sadә́y)
    - → Sindhi: صدي‎ (sadī)
    - → Hindustani:
      - Hindi: सदी (sadī)
      - Urdu: صدی‎ (sadī)
        → Pashto: صدي‎ (sadí)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śatám
- Sanskrit: शत (śatá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *catám
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (sata)
    - → English: satem (learned) (from the masculine accusative singular 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨‎ (satəm))
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Proto-Scythian:
    - Ossetian: сӕдӕ (sædæ)
    - Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (sata)
      - Wakhi: (/sad/)
        Arabic: سد‎
        Cyrillic: сад (sad)
  - Sogdo-Bactrian:
    - Bactrian: σαδο (sado)
    - Khwarezmian: سید‎ (sy̌d /*səd/)
    - Sogdian: (/sat(u)/)
      Sogdian: [script needed] (st), [script needed] (100)
      Manichaean: 𐫘𐫤‎ (st), 𐫯‎ (100)
      Syriac: ܣܬܘ‎ (stw)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Ormuri-Parachi:
    - Ormuri: سو‎ (/sū/)
    - Parachi: سو (/sȫ/)
  - Pashto: سل‎ (sël)
  - Sanglechi: ساذ (sāδ)
  - Yidgha: شور‎ (šōr)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: سد‎ (/sad/)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: سەد‎ (sed /sad/), صه‌د‎ (ṣed /sˤad/) (the form of صه‌د‎ (ṣed) is common for some Sorani dialects)
    Laki: سەد‎ (sed /sad/)
    Northern Kurdish: sed (/sad/), sid (/sid/)
    Southern Kurdish: سەد‎ (sed /sad/)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian: *sata-
    - Caspian:
      - Gilaki: سد‎ (/sad, səd/)
      - Old Mazanderani: صد‎ (ṣd /sad/)
        Mazanderani: صد‎ (ṣd /sad/), سد‎ (/sad/)
    - Parthian: (/sad/)
      Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭞‎ (100)
      Manichaean: 𐫘𐫅‎ (sd), 𐫯‎ (100)
    - Zaza-Gurani
      - Gurani: سەڎ‎ (seð̞ /sað̞/)
      - Zazaki: se (/sa/)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: *𐎰𐎫 (*θ-t /*θata-/) (in 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 (θ-t-gu-u-š /Θataguš/))
    - Middle Persian: (/sad/)
      Manichaean: 𐫘𐫅‎ (sd), 𐫯‎ (100)
      Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭾‎ (100)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (100)
      Psalter Pahlavi: 𐮯‎ (100)
      Pazend: 𐬯𐬀𐬛‎ (sad)
      - Classical Persian: صد‎ (ṣd /sad/), سد‎ (sd)
        Dari: صد‎ (sad)
        Iranian Persian: صد‎ (sad)
        Tajik: сад (sad)
        → Yagnobi: сад (sad)
- → Crimean Gothic: sada
→? Proto-Slavic: *sъto (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Uralic: *śata (see there for further descendants)