Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yáwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.

Noun

*yáwas m

barley
cereal, grain

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yáwas	*yáwā	*yáwā, -ās(as)
vocative	*yáwa	*yáwā	*yáwā, -ās(as)
accusative	*yáwam	*yáwā	*yáwāns
instrumental	*yáwā	*yáwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*yáwāyš
ablative	*yáwāt	*yáwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*yáwaybʰyas
dative	*yáwāy	*yáwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*yáwaybʰyas
genitive	*yáwasya	*yáwayās	*yáwāna(H)m
locative	*yáway	*yáwayaw	*yáwayšu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *yáwas
- Sanskrit: यव (yáva)
  - Dardic: *yáva
    - Dameli: [script needed] (žō)
    - Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (žō)
    - Grangali: [script needed] (zō)
    - Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (yåw)
    - Kalami: [script needed] (yō)
    - Kalasha: [script needed] (žō)
    - Khowar: [script needed] (žō)
    - Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yō)
    - Northeast Pashayi: [Term?] (yō)
    - Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (žā)
    - Phalura: [script needed] (yū)
    - Savi: [script needed] (yū)
    - Shina: [script needed] (yō)
    - Shumashti: [script needed] (zo)
    - Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yā)
    - Tirahi: [script needed] (zau)
    - Torwali: [script needed] (yōu)
    - Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (zō)
  - Helu:
    - Sinhalese: යව (yava)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
    - Bengali: যব (jôb)
    - Bihari: जौ (jau)
      - Maithili: जौ (jau)
    - Oriya: ଯଅ (jôô)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
    - Old Marathi: जऊ (jaū)
      - Marathi: जव (jav)
  - Pali: yava
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
    - Garhwali: जो (jo)
    - Gujarati: જવ (jav)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: जौ (jau)
      Urdu: جو‎‎ (jau)
    - Kumaoni: जौ (jau)
    - Nepali: जौ (jau)
    - Punjabi: ਜੌਂ (jaũ)
      - Lahnda: ਜੋ‎ (jo)
    - Romani: džov
Iranian: *yáwah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (yauua)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: [script needed] (*yava)
    - Middle Persian: yw (/jaw/)
      - Persian: جو‎ (jou)
Nuristani: *yá
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: yo
  - Waigali: yo
  - Tregami: žo