Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wr̥dᶻdʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰ-tó-s, from *werdʰ- (“to grow”).

Adjective

*wr̥dᶻdʰás

grown, mature
big, great

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *wr̥ddʰás
- Sanskrit: वृद्ध (vṛddhá)
  - Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀥 (vudha), *𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (*buḍḍha)
    - Helu:
      - Sinhalese: විදු (vidu, “old man”)
    - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha), 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vuddha), 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha), 𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (buḍḍha)
      - Assamese: বুরা (bura)
      - Bengali: বুডা (buḍa)
      - Bihari:
        Bhojpuri: बूढ (būḍh)
        Maithili: बूढ (būṛh)
      - Oriya: ବୁଢା (buḍha)
    - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha), 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vuddha), 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha), 𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (buḍḍha)
    - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha), 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vuddha), 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha), 𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (buḍḍha)
      - Garhwali: बुड्ड्या (buḍḍyā)
      - Gujarati: વડું (vaḍũ)
      - Hindi: बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā), बूढ़ा (būṛhā)
      - Kumaoni: बुड्ढो (buḍḍho), बुढो (buṛho)
      - Nepali: बुढो (buṛo)
      - Punjabi: ਬੁੱਢਾ (buḍhā), ਬੱਧ (badh, “excessive, more”)
      - Romani: phuro, viddi (“old woman”)
      - Sindhi: बुढो (buḍho), उधणु (udhaṇu, “to grow”)
  - Dardic: *vṛddhá, *bṛḍḍhá
    - Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (buḍa, “grandfather”), [script needed] (buḍi, “grandmother”)
    - Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (buḍa, “old man”), [script needed] (buḍī, “old woman”)
    - Kashmiri: [script needed] (buḍu)
    - Phalura: [script needed] (būḍo)
    - Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (buḍai), [script needed] (buṛālék, “old woman”)
    - Shumashti: [script needed] (buṛāla)
    - Torwali: [script needed] (batkumā, “maid”)
  - Pali: vaddha, vuddha, vuḍḍha
Iranian: *wr̥zdáh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬛𐬀‎ (vərəzda)
Nuristani: *urdá
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ura (“policeman”)
  - Prasuni: uri (“policeman”)
  - ⇒ Nuristani: *párda (< *prá wr̥dᶻdʰás)
    - Northern Nuristani:
      - Kamkata-viri:
        Kamviri: purda
        Kativiri: parda