< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wišás
 | This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wisós.
Noun
*wišás m
- poison, venom
Declension
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wišás | *wišā́ | *wišā́, -ā́s(as) |
| vocative | *wiša | *wišā́ | *wišā́, -ā́s(as) |
| accusative | *wišám | *wišā́ | *wišā́ns |
| instrumental | *wišā́ | *wišáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *wišā́yš |
| ablative | *wišā́t | *wišáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *wišáybʰyas |
| dative | *wišā́y | *wišáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *wišáybʰyas |
| genitive | *wišásya | *wišáyās | *wišā́na(H)m |
| locative | *wišáy | *wišáyaw | *wišáyšu |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíṣas
- Sanskrit: विष (víṣa)
- Pali: visa
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa)
- → Hindi: विष (viṣ) (borrowed from Sanskrit)
- Bengali: বিষ (biṣ)
- Sanskrit: विष (víṣa)
- Proto-Iranian: *wíšah
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀 (viša)
- → Persian: ویش (vīš, “virus”)
- Old Persian:
- Middle Persian:
- > Middle Persian: 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (w(y)š /wiš/, “poison”)
- > Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫢 (wyš /wiš/, “poison”)
- Persian: بیش (biš, “poison”), گش (goš)
- Middle Persian:
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀 (viša)
- Proto-Nuristani: *wišá
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: víš
- Kativiri: víš
- Prasuni: ǘšu
- Kamkata-viri:
- Southern Nuristani:
- Ashkun: yós
- Waigali: viš
- Northern Nuristani:
- → Proto-Uralic: *wiša (“poison, gall, green”)[1]
- Western Mari: ыжар (yžar, “green”)
- Eastern Mari: ужар (užar, “green”)
- Proto-Mordvinic:
- Erzya: ожо (ožo, “yellow”)
- Proto-Permic:
- Komi:
- Komi-Permyak: веж (vež)
- Komi-Zyrian: веж (vež)
- Udmurt: вож (vož)
- Komi:
- Proto-Finnic: *viha (“poison”), *viherä (“green”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- Joki, Aulis J. (1973) Uralier und Indogermanen [Uralians and Indo-Europeans] (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 151) (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN