Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/túH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

*túH

you, thou

Inflection

Inflection of *túH
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*túH(am)	—	*yúH(s)
Vocative	—	—	—
Accusative	*twáH(am)	—	*usmá?
Instrumental	*twáH	—	*usmáH
Dative	*tábʰya	—	*usmá?
Ablative	*twád	—	*usmád
Genitive	*táwa	—	*usmákam??
Locative	*twáyi	—	*usmáy

Derived terms

*tuH-ám
- Indo-Aryan: *tuHám
  - Sanskrit: त्वम् (tvám)
    - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ), 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁂 (tume), 𑀢𑀁 (taṃ)
    - Magadhi Prakrit: [Term?]
      - Bengali: তুমি (tumi), তুই (tui)
    - Pali: tvaṃ, tuvaṃ
    - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ), 𑀢𑀼𑀁 (tuṃ), 𑀢𑀁 (taṃ) (same for Jain Maharastri)
    - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ), 𑀢𑀼𑀁 (tuṃ), 𑀢𑀁 (taṃ)
      - Sauraseni Apabhramsa: [Term?]
        Hindi: तू (tū)
        Punjabi: ਤੂੰ (tū̃)
      - Gurjar Apabhramsa: तु (tu)
        Gujarati: તું (tũ)
- Iranian: *tuHám
  - Old Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬇𐬨‎ (tuuə̄m)
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬏𐬨‎ (tūm)
  - Old Persian: 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam)

Descendants

Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: त्व (tva)?
Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬙𐬏‎ (tū)
- Kurdish: tu
- Old Persian: [Term?]
  - Persian: تو‎ (to, tu)
    - Tajik: ту (tu)
- Pashto: ته‎ (të)