< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/twr̥Háti
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *twr̥H-é-ti, from *twerH-.
Verb
*twr̥Háti[1]
- to hurry, hasten
Descendants
- Indo-Aryan: *twr̥Háti
- Sanskrit: तुरति (turáti, “to hurry”)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: तुर (turá, “prompt”)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: तुर (turí, “swift”)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: तुरया (turayā, “quickly”)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: तुरण (turaṇa, “swift”)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: तुरण्यति (turaṇyati, “to hurry, be quick”)
- ⇒ Indo-Aryan: *twr̥Hnás
- Sanskrit: तूर्णस् (tūrnás, “quickly”)
- ⇒ Indo-Aryan: *twr̥Htás
- Sanskrit: त्वरा (tūrtá, “expeditious, quick”)
- Sanskrit: तुरति (turáti, “to hurry”)
- Iranian: *θwr̥Háti[2]
- ⇒ Iranian: *niθwr̥Háti (+ *ni-)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬝 (niduuārat̰, “to hasten”, 3sg.pres.act.subj.) (contaminated by 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (duuaraiti, “to run”)[2])
- Middle Persian: (“to hurry”)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nswbʾlyh /nihārih/)
- Persian: نهاریدن (/nehāridan/, “to escape”)
- Parthian: (/niδfārīd/, “to hasten, hurry”)
- Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫜𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (nydfʾryd), 𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫜𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫏𐫅 (nydfʾryyd)
- → Arabic: نفار (/nifār/)
- ⇒ Iranian: *niθwr̥Htáh
- Parthian: (“hastening, swift”)
- Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫜𐫇𐫡𐫅𐫃 (nydfwrdg /niδfurdag/)
- Parthian: (“hastening, swift”)
- ⇒ Iranian: *upaθwr̥Hati (+ *upa-)
- ⇒ Iranian: *upaθwr̥Háh
- Sogdian: [script needed] (pδβʾr /pθfār, pθvār/)
- ⇒ Iranian: *upaθwr̥Háh
- ⇒ Iranian: *niθwr̥Háti (+ *ni-)
References
- Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European, Brill, page 38
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*θu̯ar/tur”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399