Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tráyas

< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tráyas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Proto-Indo-Iranian cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *tráyas

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þrīz, Latin trēs.

Numeral

*tráyas (stem *tri-)

1. three

Descendants

• Indo-Aryan: *tráyas[1]
  • Sanskrit: त्रि (trí) (त्रयस् m (tráyas, nom. pl.)), त्रीणि n (trī́ṇi)
    • → Gujarati: ત્રણ (traṇ)
    • → Malay: tri, tri- / تري‎, تري-‎
      • Indonesian: tri
    • Romani: trin (or another Old Indo-Aryan source)
  • Middle Indo-Aryan:[2]
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀑 m (taö), 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 n (tiṇṇi)
      • Assamese: তিনি (tini)
      • Bengali: তিন (tin)
      • Oriya: ତିନି (tini)
    • Helu:
      • Dhivehi: ތިން‎‎ (tin‎)
      • Sinhalese: තුන (tuna)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀑 m (taö), 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 n (tiṇṇi)
      • Marathi: तीन (tīn)
      • Konkani: तीन
      • Sinhalese: තුන (tuna)
    • Pali: tayo m, tīṇi n
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀑 m (taö), 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 n (tiṇṇi)
      • Hindi: तीन (tīn)
      • Nepali: तीन (tīna)
      • Punjabi: ਤਿੰਨ (tinn)
      • Sindhi: ٽي‎ (ti)
      • Urdu: تین‎ (tīn)
• Iranian: *θráyah
• Nuristani: *tré
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: tre

      Kativiri: tre

    • Prasuni: ćši
  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: tra
    • Tregami: tre
    • Waigali: tre

References

1. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tráyaḥ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
2. Richard Pischel (1900) Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen [Comparative Grammar Of The Prakrit Languages]‎, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, published 1957, page 315