Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sinȷ́ʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

An early borrowing from an unknown Central Asian substrate language *sengʰa ~ singʰa. Likely a Wanderwort; compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (not derived from this form), Tocharian A śiśäk, Tocharian B ṣecake, Chinese 狻猊 (MC suɑn ŋei), 獅 (OC *sri), Zhang-Zhung [script needed] (saṅgo), Tibetan སེང་གེ (seng ge), Chechen цӏокъ (cʼoqʼ), among other Caucasian cognates.

A late Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰo- is reconstructable with a cognate Old Armenian ինձ (inj).[1]

Proto-Bantu *ncímbá has a similar form to the Eurasian Wanderwort, but is likely unrelated.

Noun

*sinȷ́ʰás m[2]

lion

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sinȷ́ʰas	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰā, -ās(as)
vocative	*sinȷ́ʰa	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰā, -ās(as)
accusative	*sinȷ́ʰam	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰāns
instrumental	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*sinȷ́ʰāyš
ablative	*sinȷ́ʰāt	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyas
dative	*sinȷ́ʰāy	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyas
genitive	*sinȷ́ʰasya	*sinȷ́ʰayās	*sinȷ́ʰāna(H)m
locative	*sinȷ́ʰay	*sinȷ́ʰayaw	*sinȷ́ʰayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sinźʰás
- Sanskrit: सिंह (siṁhá) (see there for further descendants)

References

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 727
Witzel, Michael (1999) Aryan and non-Aryan names in Vedic India: data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 BC‎, page 5

Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 90
Witzel, Michael (1999) Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)‎

[1] Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 90

[2] Witzel, Michael (1999) Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)‎