Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr̥šćáti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥sḱéti.

Verb

*pr̥šćáti[1][2]

to ask

Inflection

Nonfinite forms of *pr̥šćáti

Infinitive	*práštum
Gerund	*pr̥štwáH
Past passive participle	*pr̥štás
Future passive participle	*pŕ̥šćyas

Present forms of *pr̥šćáti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*pr̥šćáHmi	*pr̥šćáHwas	*pr̥šćáHmas	*pr̥šćáy	*pr̥šćáHwadʰHay	*pr̥šćáHmadʰHay	*pr̥šćyáy	*pr̥šćyáHwadʰHay	*pr̥šćyáHmadʰHay
2nd	*pr̥šćási	*pr̥šćátʰas	*pr̥šćátʰa	*pr̥šćásay	*pr̥šćáytʰay	*pr̥šćádʰway	*pr̥šćyásay	*pr̥šćyáytʰay	*pr̥šćyádʰway
3rd	*pr̥šćáti	*pr̥šćátas	*pr̥šćánti	*pr̥šćátay	*pr̥šćáytay	*pr̥šćántay	*pr̥šćyátay	*pr̥šćyáytay	*pr̥šćyántay
Imperative
1st	*pr̥šćáHni	*pr̥šćáHwa	*pr̥šćáHma	*pr̥šćáHy	*pr̥šćáHwadʰHaHy	*pr̥šćáHmadʰHaHy	*pr̥šćyáHy	*pr̥šćyáHwadʰHaHy	*pr̥šćyáHmadʰHaHy
2nd	*pr̥šćá	*pr̥šćátam	*pr̥šćáta	*pr̥šćáswa	*pr̥šćáytʰām	*pr̥šćádʰwam	*pr̥šćyáswa	*pr̥šćyáytʰām	*pr̥šćyádʰwam
3rd	*pr̥šćátu	*pr̥šćátām	*pr̥šćántu	*pr̥šćátām	*pr̥šćáytām	*pr̥šćántam	*pr̥šćyátām	*pr̥šćyáytām	*pr̥šćyántam
Optative
1st	*pr̥šćáyHam	*pr̥šćáywa	*pr̥šćáymas	*pr̥šćáyHa	*pr̥šćáywadʰHi	*pr̥šćáymadʰHi	*pr̥šćyáyHa	*pr̥šćyáywadʰHi	*pr̥šćyáymadʰHi
2nd	*pr̥šćáys	*pr̥šćáytam	*pr̥šćáyta	*pr̥šćáytʰās	*pr̥šćáyHātʰām	*pr̥šćáydʰwam	*pr̥šćyáytʰās	*pr̥šćyáyHātʰām	*pr̥šćyáydʰwam
3rd	*pr̥šćáyt	*pr̥šćáytām	*pr̥šćáyHunt	*pr̥šćáyta	*pr̥šćáyHātām	*pr̥šćáyrant	*pr̥šćyáyta	*pr̥šćyáyHātām	*pr̥šćyáyrant
Participles	*pr̥šćánt			*pr̥šćámHnas			*pr̥šćyámHnas

Imperfect forms of *pr̥šćáti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*apr̥šćám	*apr̥šćáHwa	*apr̥šćáHma	*apr̥šćáy	*apr̥šćáHwadʰHi	*apr̥šćáHmadʰHi	*apr̥ščyáy	*apr̥šćyáHwadʰHi	*apr̥šćyáHmadʰHi
2nd	*apr̥šćás	*apr̥šćátam	*apr̥šćáta	*apr̥šćátʰās	*apr̥šćáytʰām	*apr̥šćádʰwam	*apr̥šćyátʰās	*apr̥šćyáytʰām	*apr̥šćyádʰwam
3rd	*apr̥šćát	*apr̥šćátām	*apr̥šćánt	*apr̥šćáta	*apr̥šćáytām	*apr̥šćánta	*apr̥šćyáta	*apr̥šćyáytām	*apr̥šćyánta

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥ćśáti[1]
- Sanskrit: पृच्छति (pṛccháti)
  - Dardic:
    - Kalasha: phúčik
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (pucchaï)
    - Old Marathi: pusaṇe
      Devanagari: पुसणे
      Modi: 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘜𑘹
      - Marathi: पुसणे (pusṇe)
  - Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨖𐨟𐨁‎ (prichati), 𐨤𐨃𐨖𐨟𐨁‎ (pṛchati)
  - Pali: pucchati
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀤𑀺 (pucchadi)
    - Gurjar Apabhramsa:
      - Old Gujarati: पूछिवउं (pūchivaũ)
        Gujarati: પૂછવું (pūchvũ)
    - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
      - Hindustani:
        Hindi: पूछना (pūchnā)
        Urdu: پوچھنا‎ (pūchnā)
    - Romani: pućhel
      - Caló: puchar
  - ⇒ Old Marathi:
    Devanagari: पृछणे (pṛchaṇe)
    Modi: 𑘢𑘵𑘔𑘜𑘹 (pṛchaṇe)
Proto-Iranian: *pr̥sáti[3][1]
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (pər^əsaⁱti), 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬁‎ (fraštā, aor.inj.med.)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (puls-)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: pirsîn
- Parthian: (/pursēd/)
  Manichaean: 𐫛𐫇𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫅‎ (pwrsyd)
- Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼𐎿𐎠𐎷𐎹 (p-r-s-a-mi-y /pạrsāmiy/, “to ask, punish”, 1sg.pres.act.)
  - Middle Persian: (/pursēd/)
    Manichaean: 𐫛𐫇𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫅‎ (pwrsyd)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwrsyt)
    - Persian: پرسیدن‎ (porsidan)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: πορσοδο (porsodo)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (mš-), [script needed] (bš-)
  - Sogdian:
    Old Sogdian: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾprsty)

References

Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 176: “*pr̥ščá-”
Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 54
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*fras/prs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88

[Lipp-1] Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 176: “*pr̥ščá-”

[2] Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University, page 54

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*fras/prs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88