Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mátsyas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate, compare the lack of similarity with Western Indo-European *peysḱ- (“fish”) and Eastern Indo-European *dʰǵʰu- (“fish”).[1][2]

Noun

*mátsyas m[1][2][3][4]

fish

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mátsyas	*mátsyā	*mátsyā, -ās(as)
vocative	*mátsya	*mátsyā	*mátsyā, -ās(as)
accusative	*mátsyam	*mátsyā	*mátsyāns
instrumental	*mátsyā	*mátsyaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mátsyāyš
ablative	*mátsyāt	*mátsyaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mátsyaybʰyas
dative	*mátsyāy	*mátsyaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mátsyaybʰyas
genitive	*mátsyasya	*mátsyayās	*mátsyāna(H)m
locative	*mátsyay	*mátsyayaw	*mátsyayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mátsyas
- Sanskrit: मत्स्य (mátsya) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *mácyah[4]
- Central Iranian:
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (masiia)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Wakhi: (/mōī/)
    Arabic: مؤي‎
    Cyrillic: мои (moyi)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Ormuri: مائي‎ (māī)
  - Pashto: مشی‎ (məšáy)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: ماہیگ‎ (māhīg)
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: masî (/māsī/)
    Central Kurdish: ماسی‎ (masî /māsī/)
    Southern Kurdish: ماسی‎ (masî /māsī/)
    Laki: مایی‎ (mayî /māyī/)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Isfahani: مای‎ (māy)
    - Sangisari: مایی (māī)
    - Parthian: (/māsyāg/)
      Manichaean: 𐫖𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫃‎ (mʾsyʾg)
      - → Sogdian: (/māsyāg/)
        Manichaean: 𐫖𐫀𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫃‎ (mʾsyʾg)
    - Zaza- Gorani:
      - Gurani: ماساۋی‎ (masaۋî /māsāʋī/)
      - Zazaki: mase (/māsa/)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Middle Persian: (/māhīg/)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾhyk')
    Manichaean: 𐫖𐫀𐫍𐫏𐫃‎ (mʾhyg)
    - Classical Persian: ماهی‎ (māhī)
      Persian: ماهی‎ (māhī)
      Tajik: моҳӣ (mohī)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: مۏیی‎ (möyi)
Proto-Nuristani: *másca
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ṓmaći (< *ā́pa-mascaká)
    Kativiri: maćë́
  - Prasuni: tṓamüsü (?)
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: mṓć
  - Waigali: mëć

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 3
Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*mátsi̯a- ʻfishʼ”
Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 32: “*matsia̯- ‘fish’”
Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 150

[Lubotsky-1] Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 3

[HCHIEL-2] Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*mátsi̯a- ʻfishʼ”

[3] Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 32: “*matsia̯- ‘fish’”

[Lipp-4] Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 150