Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krā́mHati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾rḗmH-ti ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾rémH-n̥ti.[1][2][3]

Verb

*krā́mHati[2][3]

to tread, stride, go
Synonym: *krā́mHti
to thresh

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *aHkrā́mHati ~ *aHkrámati (“to go towards, approach”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aHkrámHati
  - Sanskrit: आक्रमति (ākrámati)
- Proto-Iranian: *aHkrámHati
  - Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhlʾmydyt /āxrāmēd/)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krā́mHati (“go towards, cross over, walk”)
- Sanskrit: क्रामति (krā́mati)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀇 (kammaï)
  - Pali: kamati
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀤𑀺 (kammadi)
Proto-Iranian: *xrā́mHati[1][4]
- Classical Persian: خرامیدن‎ (“to strut, prance”)
  - Dari: خرامیدن‎
  - Persian: خرامیدن‎ (xarâmidan)
  - Tajik: хиромидан (xiromidan)
- Sogdian:
  Buddhist: [script needed] (xrʾm, “to come”, 2sg.pres.)
- Wakhi: [script needed] (čər(ə)m), [script needed] (čərn-, “to enter, go in”)
Proto-Nuristani: *krā́mati (“to thresh”)
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: křamë́-
    Kativiri: křamřé-
  - Prasuni: kimë-
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: křā́mie-

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*k^(ṷ)RemH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 368-369
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1973) Onomastica Persepolitana: Das Altiranische Namengut der Persepolis-Täfelchen [Onomastica Persepolitana: The Old Iranian Personal Names of the Persepolis Tablets] (in German), Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN, pages 409-410
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “kramⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*xrāmH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*k^(ṷ)RemH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 368-369

[Mayrhofer-2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1973) Onomastica Persepolitana: Das Altiranische Namengut der Persepolis-Täfelchen [Onomastica Persepolitana: The Old Iranian Personal Names of the Persepolis Tablets] (in German), Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN, pages 409-410

[IAIL-3] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “kramⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*xrāmH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449