Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krátuš

< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krátuš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kré-tus, from *kret- +‎ *-us. Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”).

Noun

*krátuš m[1][2]

1. intelligence, mental power

Declension

masculine u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krátuš	*krátuH	*krátawas
vocative	*krátaw	*krátuH	*krátawas
accusative	*krátum	*krátuH	*krátunš
instrumental	*krátuH	*krátubʰyaH	*krátubʰiš
ablative	*krátawš	*krátubʰyaH	*krátubʰyas
dative	*krátaway	*krátubʰyaH	*krátubʰyas
genitive	*krátawš	*krátuwaHs	*krátunām?
locative	*krátā(w)?	*krátuwaw	*krátušu

Descendants

• Indo-Aryan: *krátuṣ
  • Sanskrit: क्रतु (krátu)
• Iranian: *xrátuš
  • Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎‎ (xratu)
  • Old Median: *xratu
    • → Old Persian: 𐎧𐎼𐎬 (x-r-tu /xratu/)
      • Middle Persian: (/xrad/)

        Manichaean: 𐫟𐫡𐫅‎ (xrd)

        Book Pahlavi: 𐮴𐮹𐯁𐮵‎ (hlt')

        • Classical Persian: خرد‎ (xirad)
          • Persian: خرد‎ (xerad)
          • Tajik: хирад (xirad)
        • → Old Armenian: խրատ (xrat)
  • Old Persian: [Term?] (/xraθu/)

References

1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “krátu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
2. Ahmadi, Amir (2014), “Avestan xratu-”, in Iranian Studies, volume 47, issue 6, DOI:10.1080/00210862.2014.942564, pages 903–913