Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kanH-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kenh₂- (“to be pleased, enjoy”), infixed nasal stem of *keh₂- (“to like, wish”).

Root

*kanH- or *čanH-

to love, take pleasure in
to dig, destroy

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanH-
- Sanskrit: कन् (kan)
Proto-Iranian: *kanH-, *čanH- / *činH-
- Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬥-‎ (kan-, “to love, take pleasure in”)
- Shughni: чу̊н (čū̊n, “please; I swear”) (the existence of this word is uncertain)

Derived terms

*kanHati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kanHati
  - Sanskrit: कनति (kanati, “to be pleased with, enjoy”)
*čánHas (deverbative noun)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćánHas
  - Sanskrit: चनस् (cánas, “delight, satisfaction”)
- Proto-Iranian: *čínHah, *čánHah
  - Avestan: -𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵-‎ (-cinah-), -𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵-‎ (-canah-, “desire, affection”), in the compounds 𐬀𐬱𐬀-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵-‎ (aša-cinah-, “attached to aša”), 𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵-‎ (nāⁱri-cinah-, “desiring a woman/women”), 𐬴𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬋-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬵-‎ (ṣ̌aētō-cinah-, “desiring money”), 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀-𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀-‎ (haoma-cina-, “desiring haoma”), etc.
  - Old Persian: 𐎨𐎴𐏃 (c-n-h /canah-/, “desire”), in the compound 𐎠𐎿𐎱𐎨𐎴𐎠 (a-s-p-c-n-a /Aspacanāʰ/, “a male given name”, literally “lover of horses”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (šʾdcn /šād-čan, šād-žan/, “happy, glad”)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (-cn /-čan/, “a morpheme forming future participles; a suffix with the meaning “inclined to; belonging to””), [script needed] (pʾšcn /pāš-čan/, “showing reverence”)
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (dirsū-jsinä, “wishing to see”), [script needed] (daṃjanai, “building”) ← *dama-čana-ka- (literally “connected with the building”)
  - Ossetian:
    Iron: -дзинад (-ʒinad, “abstract suffix”); -дзӕн (-ʒæn), -дзын (-ʒyn, “future tense marker”)
    Digor: -дзийнадӕ (-ʒijnadæ, “abstract suffix”); -дзин (-ʒin, “future tense marker”)
  - → Old Armenian: -ճան (-čan)
  - ⇒? Proto-Iranian: *čanHadāru (literally “auspicious tree”)
    - >? Middle Persian: cynʾl (činar, “oriental plane tree”)
    - >? Parthian: *čan(a)dār-
    - >? Georgian: ჭადარი (č̣adari, “plane tree; poplar”), ჭანდარი (č̣andari)
      - → Armenian: ճանդարի (čandari) (Tbilisi)
      - → Mingrelian: ჭანდარი (č̣andari), ჭადარი (č̣adari)
        → Abkhaz: a-ҷанда́р (a-čʼandár)
      - → Svan: ჭანდა̈რ (č̣andär)
    - >? Middle Armenian: ճանդարի (čandari, “plane tree”), ճանդար (čandar), ճանտարի (čantari), ջանդարի (ǰandari), ջանտարի (ǰantari)
      - Armenian: տնջրի (tnǰri, “plane tree; poplar?”), ճանդար (čandar, “log”)
Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit: चकान (cakāná), चाकन (cākana)
- Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬬-‎ (cinv-), 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬀𐬥-‎ (cakan-), 𐬗𐬁𐬑𐬥-‎ (cāxn-), -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀-‎ (-kāta-), 𐬐𐬁𐬚𐬉‎ (kāθē)

Usage notes

Cheung remarks that the nominal derivative *čánHah has become a suffix of "wish" in several languages, semantically comparable to Ancient Greek -φιλος (-philos, “-phile”).

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), “*čan- / *čin-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 217–218
Edelʹman, D. I. (2011), “*³kan- : *čan- / *čin-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216–217
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 233f
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 296f, 528
Martirosyan, Hrach (2014), “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 18, issue 1, pages 51–63