Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/grā́mas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-o-s, from *h₂ger- +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gromada (compare Russian громада (gromada)).

Noun

(H)grā́mas m

village, town
community

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grā́mas	*grā́mā	*grā́mā, -ās(as)
vocative	*grā́ma	*grā́mā	*grā́mā, -ās(as)
accusative	*grā́mam	*grā́mā	*grā́māns
instrumental	*grā́mā	*grā́maybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*grā́māyš
ablative	*grā́māt	*grā́maybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*grā́maybʰyas
dative	*grā́māy	*grā́maybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*grā́maybʰyas
genitive	*grā́masya	*grā́mayās	*grā́māna(H)m
locative	*grā́may	*grā́mayaw	*grā́mayšu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *grā́mas
- Sanskrit: ग्राम (grā́ma) (see there for further descendants)
Iranian: *grā́mah
- ⇒ Iranian: *grā́makah
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃‎ (grʾmg)
  - Old Persian: [script needed] (*grāmaka)
    - Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (glʾmk' /grāmag/, “property, wealth”)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (grʾmʾk)
Nuristani: *gřā́m
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: gřom
    Kativiri: gřum
  - Prasuni: gam
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: grām