Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/garȷ́ʰ-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Root

*garȷ́ʰ-[1]

to complain

Derived terms

*gárȷ́ʰ-a-ti
- Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati
  - Sanskrit: गर्हति (gárhati)[2]
    - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀭𑀳𑀇 (garahaï)[3]
    - Pali: garahati[3][4]
*gárždʰi ~ *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-ánti (athematic root present)
- Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥ȷ́ánti
  - Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌‎ (gər^əzōi, 1 person sg. present med), 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬉‎ (gər^əzē)[1][5]
*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-á-tay
- Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay
  - Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate)[1][6]
- Iranian: *gr̥ȷ́átay
  - Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈‎ (gər^əzaⁱte)[5]
*garȷ́ʰ-áya-ti
- Indo-Aryan: *garźʰáyati
  - Sanskrit: गर्हयति (garhayati), गर्हयते (garhayate)[2]
- Iranian: *garȷ́áyati
  - Middle Persian: [script needed] (glc-ytn' /garzīdan/)
*gŕ̥ȷ́ʰ-ya-ti
- Iranian: *gŕ̥ȷ́yati
  - Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹𐎫 (g-r-d-y-t /*gradyati/)[1][5]
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /griyistan/)[1][5][7]
      - Persian: گریستن‎ (geristan)
*ǰagárȷ́ʰa
- Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa
  - Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, perfect)[2]
Unsorted formations:
- Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)
- Kurdish: girižīn, girîn
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /gilag/, “complaint”)
  - Persian: گلا‎ (gilâ)
- Parthian: [Term?] (/grzyšn/, “complaint”)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) , “garh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Monier Williams (1899) , “गर्ह्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 350, column 2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) , “gárhati (218)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pali Text Society, editor (1921-1925) , “garahati”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Cheung, Johnny (2007) , “*garz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) , “GARH¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 475
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) , “griyistan, griy-”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[IAIL-1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) , “garh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[MW-2] Monier Williams (1899) , “गर्ह्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 350, column 2.

[CDIAL-3] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) , “gárhati (218)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[4] Pali Text Society, editor (1921-1925) , “garahati”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead

[EDIV-5] Cheung, Johnny (2007) , “*garz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111

[6] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) , “GARH¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 475

[Mackenzie-7] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) , “griyistan, griy-”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press