Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Leveled from earlier *dʰráwkš ~ *dʰruǰʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”) +‎ *-s.[1]

Noun

*dʰrúkš f

1. lie, falsehood, deceit
2. injury, harm

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dʰrúkš	*dʰrúkš	*dʰrúkš
vocative	*dʰrúǰʰ	*dʰrúkš	*dʰrúkš
accusative	*dʰrúǰʰam	*dʰrúkš	*dʰrúkš
instrumental	*dʰrúǰʰaH	*dʰrúgbʰyaH	*dʰrúgbʰiš
ablative	*dʰrúǰʰas	*dʰrúgbʰyaH	*dʰrúgbʰyaH
dative	*dʰrúǰʰay	*dʰrúgbʰyaH	*dʰrúgbʰyaH
genitive	*dʰrúǰʰas	*dʰrúǰʰawš	*dʰrúǰʰām
locative	*dʰrúǰʰi	*dʰrúǰʰawš	*dʰrúkšu

Descendants

• Indo-Aryan: *dʰrúkṣ ~ *druźʰás
  • Sanskrit: द्रुह् (drúh), ध्रुक् (dhrúk, nom.sg)[2]
• Iranian: *drúxš ~ *druǰáh
  • Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱‎ (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋‎ (drujō, gen.abl.sg)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱‎ (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨‎ (drujəm, acc.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋‎ (drujō, gen.abl.sg; nom.pl), 𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨‎ (adružąm, gen.pl)[3]

References

1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “drogh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
2. Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 502.
3. Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1), Brill, →ISBN, page 47