Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰagás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”) +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Possibly related to Old Armenian բակ (bak).[1]

Noun

*bʰagás m

portion, part, share, allotment
fate, destiny
(religion) "the dispenser"; a god

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰagás	*bʰagā́	*bʰagā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative	*bʰaga	*bʰagā́	*bʰagā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative	*bʰagám	*bʰagā́	*bʰagā́ns
instrumental	*bʰagā́	*bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰagā́yš
ablative	*bʰagā́t	*bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰagáybʰyas
dative	*bʰagā́y	*bʰagáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰagáybʰyas
genitive	*bʰagásya	*bʰagáyās	*bʰagā́na(H)m
locative	*bʰagáy	*bʰagáyaw	*bʰagáyšu

Related terms

*bʰaktás

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *bʰagás
- Sanskrit: भग (bhága, “prosperity, well-being, happiness; "dispenser" (epithet of gods); Bhaga (name of a god)”)[2]
Iranian: *bagáh (“portion, share, fate; god”)[3]
- Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀‏‎ (baγa‏), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀‏‎ (baga‏, “share, (favourable) lot”)
- Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /baga/, “god”)
  - Middle Persian: [script needed] (ORHYA), [script needed] (bk'), [script needed] (bg /bay/, “lord, god”) (Book Pahlavi), [script needed] (by /bay/) (Manichaean), 𐭡𐭢𐭩‎ (bgy /bay/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”) (Inscriptional Pahlavi)
    - → Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)
- → English: Baghdad
- → Old Armenian: բագին (bagin), Բագարան (Bagaran), Բագաւան (Bagawan), Բագայառիճ (Bagayaṙič), Բագարատ (Bagarat)
- → Slavic: *bogъ (“god”) (or inherited from the same PIE root and influenced by Iranian)
- → Turkic: *bāj (likely)
  - → Slavic: *bãnъ (see there for further descendants)

References

Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 99
https://archive.org/stream/TheIdeaOfIran/__The_Idea_of_Iran__volume_III__The_Sasanian_Era_djvu.txt
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 48

[1] Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 99

[2] ttps://archive.org/stream/TheIdeaOfIran/__The_Idea_of_Iran__volume_III__The_Sasanian_Era_djvu.txt

[3] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 48