Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱérh₂sō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ḱerh₂s- (“head, horn”) +‎ *-ō

Noun

*ḱérh₂sō m[1][2]

head, skull

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ḱérh₂sō
genitive	*ḱr̥h₂snés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḱérh₂sō	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sones
vocative	*ḱérh₂son	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sones
accusative	*ḱérh₂sonm̥	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sonm̥s
genitive	*ḱr̥h₂snés	*?	*ḱr̥h₂snóHom
ablative	*ḱr̥h₂snés	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós
dative	*ḱr̥h₂snéy	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós
locative	ḱr̥h₂sén, ḱr̥h₂séni	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥sú
instrumental	*ḱr̥h₂snéh₁	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥mís

Derived terms

Proto-Germanic: *hersô, *herznô, *hirzniją (see there for further descendants)
*ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n-
- Proto-Hellenic: *kárahə, genitive *krahətós, plural *kárahna
  - Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā), κράς (krás), κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”) (< denominative)[3], κάρηνον (kárēnon, “head, mountain top”)
    Epic, Ionic Greek: κᾰ́ρη (kárē)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: krāñiye (“nape of the neck”)[4]
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀏𐀨𐀀𐀠 (ka-ra-a-pi /kraʰat-pʰi/, inst.pl.)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hsá
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hsá
  - Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षन् (śīrṣán)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221–222
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “krāñiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 230

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221–222

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “krāñiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 230