< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱléwt
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic root aorist of *ḱlew-.
Verb
*ḱléwt (perfective)[1][2][3][4]
- to hear
Inflection
| Perfective, athematic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ḱlewt | |||
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥wént | |||
| Active voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱlēm | — | *ḱlewoh₂ | *ḱluyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ḱlews | *ḱlew, *ḱludʰí | *ḱlewesi | *ḱluyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ḱlewt | *ḱlewtu | *ḱleweti | *ḱluyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ḱluwé | — | *ḱlewowos | *ḱl̥wih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ḱlutóm | *ḱlutóm | *ḱlewetes | *ḱl̥wih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ḱlutā́m | *ḱlutā́m | *ḱlewetes | *ḱl̥wih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ḱlumé | — | *ḱlewomos | *ḱl̥wih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ḱluté | *ḱluté | *ḱlewete | *ḱl̥wih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥wént | *ḱl̥wéntu | *ḱlewonti | *ḱl̥wih₁ént |
| Participle | *ḱl̥wónts | |||
| Middle voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱluh₂é | — | *ḱlewoh₂er | *ḱl̥wih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ḱluth₂é | *ḱlusó | *ḱleweth₂er | *ḱl̥wih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ḱlutó, *ḱl̥wó | *? | *ḱlewetor | *ḱl̥wih₁tó, *ḱl̥wih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ḱluwédʰh₂ | — | *ḱlewowosdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥wih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ḱlumédʰh₂ | — | *ḱlewomosdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥wih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ḱludʰh₂wé | *ḱludʰh₂wé | *ḱlewedʰh₂we | *ḱl̥wih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ḱluró, *ḱl̥wn̥tó | *? | *ḱleworor, *ḱlewontor | *ḱl̥wih₁ró, *ḱl̥wih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *ḱl̥wm̥h₁nós | |||
Descendants
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լուաւ (luaw)
- (perhaps) Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *slùti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: κλῦτε (klûte)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćrawt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háśrawt
- Sanskrit: अश्रोत् (áśrot)
- Proto-Iranian: *cráwt
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬏 (sraotū, 3sg.aor.act.impv.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háśrawt
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sluti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357