< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱléwseti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *ḱlew- + *-seti.[1]
Verb
*ḱléwseti (imperfective)[2][1]
- to be listening
Inflection
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ḱléwseti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ḱléwsonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱléwsoh₂ | *ḱléwsom | — | *ḱléwsōh₂ | *ḱléwsoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ḱléwsesi | *ḱléwses | *ḱléwse | *ḱléwsēsi | *ḱléwsoys |
| 3rd singular | *ḱléwseti | *ḱléwset | *ḱléwsetu | *ḱléwsēti | *ḱléwsoyt |
| 1st dual | *ḱléwsowos | *ḱléwsowe | — | *ḱléwsōwos | *ḱléwsoywe |
| 2nd dual | *ḱléwsetes | *ḱléwsetom | *ḱléwsetom | *ḱléwsētes | *ḱléwsoytom |
| 3rd dual | *ḱléwsetes | *ḱléwsetām | *ḱléwsetām | *ḱléwsētes | *ḱléwsoytām |
| 1st plural | *ḱléwsomos | *ḱléwsome | — | *ḱléwsōmos | *ḱléwsoyme |
| 2nd plural | *ḱléwsete | *ḱléwsete | *ḱléwsete | *ḱléwsēte | *ḱléwsoyte |
| 3rd plural | *ḱléwsonti | *ḱléwsont | *ḱléwsontu | *ḱléwsōnti | *ḱléwsoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *ḱléwsonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱléwsoh₂er | *ḱléwsoh₂e | — | *ḱléwsōh₂er | *ḱléwsoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *ḱléwseth₂er | *ḱléwseth₂e | *ḱléwseso | *ḱléwsēth₂er | *ḱléwsoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *ḱléwsetor | *ḱléwseto | *? | *ḱléwsētor | *ḱléwsoyto, *ḱléwsoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *ḱléwsowosdʰh₂ | *ḱléwsowedʰh₂ | — | *ḱléwsōwosdʰh₂ | *ḱléwsoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ḱléwsomosdʰh₂ | *ḱléwsomedʰh₂ | — | *ḱléwsōmosdʰh₂ | *ḱléwsoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ḱléwsedʰh₂we | *ḱléwsedʰh₂we | *ḱléwsedʰh₂we | *ḱléwsēdʰh₂we | *ḱléwsoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *ḱléwsoror, *ḱléwsontor | *ḱléwsoro, *ḱléwsonto | *? | *ḱléwsōror, *ḱléwsōntor | *ḱléwsoyro, *ḱléwsoyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *ḱléwsomnos | ||||
Derived terms
- *ḱlews-
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušatei[3]
- Proto-Slavic: *slušati (“to listen”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *hlusjaną, *hlusinōną (“to hear, listen”)
- Old English: hlosnian, hlysnan
- Middle English: listenen
- English: listen
- Middle English: listenen
- Old High German:
- Middle High German: lüsenen
- Old English: hlosnian, hlysnan
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śráwšati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwṣati
- Sanskrit: श्रोषति (śroṣati, “to listen, obey”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwṣati
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 336
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “klausyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249: “BSL *klou(ʔ)s-”