< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlitós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *ḱley- (“to shelter, cover”) + *-tós.
Adjective
*ḱlitós (non-ablauting)
- covered, sheltered
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *ḱlitós | *ḱlitéh₂ | |
| genitive | *ḱlitósyo | *ḱlitéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ḱlitós | *ḱlitóh₁ | *ḱlitóes |
| vocative | *ḱlité | *ḱlitóh₁ | *ḱlitóes |
| accusative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóh₁ | *ḱlitóms |
| genitive | *ḱlitósyo | *? | *ḱlitóoHom |
| ablative | *ḱlitéad | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| dative | *ḱlitóey | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| locative | *ḱlitéy, *ḱlitóy | *? | *ḱlitóysu |
| instrumental | *ḱlitóh₁ | *? | *ḱlitṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ḱlitéh₂ | *ḱlitéh₂h₁(e) | *ḱlitéh₂es |
| vocative | *ḱlitéh₂ | *ḱlitéh₂h₁(e) | *ḱlitéh₂es |
| accusative | *ḱlitā́m | *ḱlitéh₂h₁(e) | *ḱlitéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *ḱlitéh₂s | *? | *ḱlitéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *ḱlitéh₂s | *? | *ḱlitéh₂mos |
| dative | *ḱlitéh₂ey | *? | *ḱlitéh₂mos |
| locative | *ḱlitéh₂, *ḱlitéh₂i | *? | *ḱlitéh₂su |
| instrumental | *ḱlitéh₂h₁ | *? | *ḱlitéh₂bʰi |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóy(h₁) | *ḱlitéh₂ |
| vocative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóy(h₁) | *ḱlitéh₂ |
| accusative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóy(h₁) | *ḱlitéh₂ |
| genitive | *ḱlitósyo | *? | *ḱlitóoHom |
| ablative | *ḱlitéad | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| dative | *ḱlitóey | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| locative | *ḱlitéy, *ḱlitóy | *? | *ḱlitóysu |
| instrumental | *ḱlitóh₁ | *? | *ḱlitṓys |
Descendants
- Celtic: *klitos (“covered, sheltered”)[1] (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *hliþą, *ga-hliþą n (“lid, cover”)
- Old English: hlid, ġehliþ, ġehlid
- Middle English: lid
- English: lid
- Middle English: lid
- Old High German: hlit
- Old Norse: hlið
- Old English: hlid, ġehliþ, ġehlid
Etymology
From *ḱley- (“to lean, slope”) + *-tós.
Adjective
*ḱlitós (non-ablauting)
- leaning, sloped, inclined
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *ḱlitós | *ḱlitéh₂ | |
| genitive | *ḱlitósyo | *ḱlitéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ḱlitós | *ḱlitóh₁ | *ḱlitóes |
| vocative | *ḱlité | *ḱlitóh₁ | *ḱlitóes |
| accusative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóh₁ | *ḱlitóms |
| genitive | *ḱlitósyo | *? | *ḱlitóoHom |
| ablative | *ḱlitéad | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| dative | *ḱlitóey | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| locative | *ḱlitéy, *ḱlitóy | *? | *ḱlitóysu |
| instrumental | *ḱlitóh₁ | *? | *ḱlitṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ḱlitéh₂ | *ḱlitéh₂h₁(e) | *ḱlitéh₂es |
| vocative | *ḱlitéh₂ | *ḱlitéh₂h₁(e) | *ḱlitéh₂es |
| accusative | *ḱlitā́m | *ḱlitéh₂h₁(e) | *ḱlitéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *ḱlitéh₂s | *? | *ḱlitéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *ḱlitéh₂s | *? | *ḱlitéh₂mos |
| dative | *ḱlitéh₂ey | *? | *ḱlitéh₂mos |
| locative | *ḱlitéh₂, *ḱlitéh₂i | *? | *ḱlitéh₂su |
| instrumental | *ḱlitéh₂h₁ | *? | *ḱlitéh₂bʰi |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóy(h₁) | *ḱlitéh₂ |
| vocative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóy(h₁) | *ḱlitéh₂ |
| accusative | *ḱlitóm | *ḱlitóy(h₁) | *ḱlitéh₂ |
| genitive | *ḱlitósyo | *? | *ḱlitóoHom |
| ablative | *ḱlitéad | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| dative | *ḱlitóey | *? | *ḱlitómos |
| locative | *ḱlitéy, *ḱlitóy | *? | *ḱlitóysu |
| instrumental | *ḱlitóh₁ | *? | *ḱlitṓys |
Descendants
- Albanian: *klitā
- Albanian: qetë (“jagged rock”)
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
- Lithuanian: pašiltas (“bent, crooked”)
- Celtic: *klitā (“pillar, post”)[2]
- Old Irish: cli m, cleth f
- Germanic: *hliþą (“slope, incline”) (< *ḱlítom, with irregular stress shift)
- Old English: hliþ
- Middle English: lith
- Old English: hliþ
- Hellenic: [Term?]
- Ancient Greek: ἄκλῐτος (áklitos)
- Indo-Iranian: *ĉritás (“leaning”)
- Indo-Aryan: *śritás
- Sanskrit: श्रित (śritá)
- Iranian: *ĉritáh
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬌𐬙𐬀 (srita)
- Indo-Aryan: *śritás
References
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*klito-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 208
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*klit-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 208