Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰésōr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵʰésr̥ (“*ǵʰésr̥ ~ *ǵʰs-r-és”)[1][2]
*ǵʰsḗr (“*ǵʰs-ḗr ~ *ǵʰs-r-és”)[3]

Etymology

From *ǵʰes- +‎ *-ōr

Noun

*ǵʰésōr f[4][3]

hand

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ǵʰésōr
genitive	*ǵʰsrés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵʰésōr	*ǵʰésorh₁(e)	*ǵʰésores
vocative	*ǵʰésor	*ǵʰésorh₁(e)	*ǵʰésores
accusative	*ǵʰésorm̥	*ǵʰésorh₁(e)	*ǵʰésorm̥s
genitive	*ǵʰsrés	*?	*ǵʰsróHom
ablative	*ǵʰsrés	*?	*ǵʰsr̥mós
dative	*ǵʰsréy	*?	*ǵʰsr̥mós
locative	ǵʰsér, ǵʰséri	*?	*ǵʰsr̥sú
instrumental	*ǵʰsréh₁	*?	*ǵʰsr̥bʰí

Descendants

Anatolian: *ǵésōr ~ *ǵsrós
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ձեռն (jeṙn)
  - Armenian: ձեռ (jeṙ), ձեռք (jeṙkʿ)
Hellenic: *kʰéhər
- Ancient Greek: χείρ (kheír)
  Aeolic Greek: χέρρ (khérrh, acc.sg.)
  Doric Greek: χέρς (khérs), χήρ (khḗr)
- *kʰéhr-nikʷs (< + *neygʷ- (“to wash”))
  - Ancient Greek: χέρνιψ (khérnips, “water for washing the hands”)
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀐𐀛𐀣 (ke-ni-qa, = χέρνιβα, acc.sg.)
Italic:
- Latin: hir
Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: tsar
- Tocharian B: ṣar

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1620-1621
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547
Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1620-1621

[2] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547

[Adams-3] Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[LIN-4] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172