Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰwer-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰwer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *ǵʰwḗr- ~ *ǵʰwér-[1]
• *ǵʰweh₁r-[2][3]

Root

*ǵʰwer-

1. wild
2. wild animal

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-

• *ǵʰwḗr (< **ǵʰwér-s)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰḗr
    • Ancient Greek: θήρ (thḗr) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀫 (qe-ro /Kʷʰērōn/, given name)[4]
      • ⇒ Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀪𐀍 (qe-ri-jo /Kʷʰēriōn/)
• *ǵʰwér-os
  • Proto-Italic: *feros
    • Latin: ferus (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰwér-ō (< **ǵʰwér-on-s)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰwer-o-h₃kʷs
  • Proto-Italic: *ferōks
    • Latin: ferōx (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źwēˀrís
    • East Baltic:
      • Latgalian: zviers
      • Latvian: zvêrs
      • Lithuanian: žvėrìs
    • West Baltic:
      • Old Prussian: swīrins
    • Proto-Slavic: *zvě̑rь (see there for further descendants)
  • Ancient Greek: θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”), θηράω (thēráō, “to hunt”), θήραμα (thḗrama, “prey, spoil, game”)
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: śaru
    • Tocharian B: śerwe (“hunter”)

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 493

References

1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
3. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
4. John Chadwick; Lydia Baumbach (1963), “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, issue 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), JSTOR 40265918, OCLC 905264035, page 202 of 157–271: “θήρ”