< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵéwseti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *ǵews- (“to taste, try”).
Verb
*ǵéwseti (imperfective)[1][2]
- to taste, try, choose
Inflection
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ǵéwseti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ǵéwsonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ǵéwsoh₂ | *ǵéwsom | — | *ǵéwsōh₂ | *ǵéwsoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ǵéwsesi | *ǵéwses | *ǵéwse | *ǵéwsēsi | *ǵéwsoys |
| 3rd singular | *ǵéwseti | *ǵéwset | *ǵéwsetu | *ǵéwsēti | *ǵéwsoyt |
| 1st dual | *ǵéwsowos | *ǵéwsowe | — | *ǵéwsōwos | *ǵéwsoywe |
| 2nd dual | *ǵéwsetes | *ǵéwsetom | *ǵéwsetom | *ǵéwsētes | *ǵéwsoytom |
| 3rd dual | *ǵéwsetes | *ǵéwsetām | *ǵéwsetām | *ǵéwsētes | *ǵéwsoytām |
| 1st plural | *ǵéwsomos | *ǵéwsome | — | *ǵéwsōmos | *ǵéwsoyme |
| 2nd plural | *ǵéwsete | *ǵéwsete | *ǵéwsete | *ǵéwsēte | *ǵéwsoyte |
| 3rd plural | *ǵéwsonti | *ǵéwsont | *ǵéwsontu | *ǵéwsōnti | *ǵéwsoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *ǵéwsonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ǵéwsoh₂er | *ǵéwsoh₂e | — | *ǵéwsōh₂er | *ǵéwsoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *ǵéwseth₂er | *ǵéwseth₂e | *ǵéwseso | *ǵéwsēth₂er | *ǵéwsoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *ǵéwsetor | *ǵéwseto | *? | *ǵéwsētor | *ǵéwsoyto, *ǵéwsoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *ǵéwsowosdʰh₂ | *ǵéwsowedʰh₂ | — | *ǵéwsōwosdʰh₂ | *ǵéwsoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ǵéwsomosdʰh₂ | *ǵéwsomedʰh₂ | — | *ǵéwsōmosdʰh₂ | *ǵéwsoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ǵéwsedʰh₂we | *ǵéwsedʰh₂we | *ǵéwsedʰh₂we | *ǵéwsēdʰh₂we | *ǵéwsoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *ǵéwsoror, *ǵéwsontor | *ǵéwsoro, *ǵéwsonto | *? | *ǵéwsōror, *ǵéwsōntor | *ǵéwsoyro, *ǵéwsoyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *ǵéwsomnos | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *to-guseti (“to choose”)[3]
- Old Irish: do·goa; asa·gúsi; do·gega (3sg.fut.rel.); do·roigu (3sg.pret.rel.)
- Irish: togh
- Scottish Gaelic: tagh
- Old Irish: do·goa; asa·gúsi; do·gega (3sg.fut.rel.); do·roigu (3sg.pret.rel.)
- Proto-Germanic: *keusaną (“to trial, select”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *géuhō
- Ancient Greek: γεύω (geúō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áwšati[4] (see there for further descendants)
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g̑eu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 166-167
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*keusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gus-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zauš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 473