< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*ǵneh₃- (perfective)[1]
- to recognise, to know
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-
- *ǵi-ǵneh₃-ti (reduplicated present stem)
- ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō
- Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)
- ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō
- *ǵneh₃-sḱe/o-
- Proto-Albanian: *gnāska
- ⇒ Albanian: njoh
- Proto-Albanian: *gnāska
- *ǵnéh₃-t ~ *ǵn̥h₃-ént (root aorist)
- *ǵnéh₃-ti (root present)
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: *ծան- (*can-), ճանաչենամ (čanačʿenam)
- Armenian: ճանաչել (čanačʿel), ճանչնալ (čančʿnal)
- Old Armenian: *ծան- (*can-), ճանաչենամ (čanačʿenam)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źnōˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Armenian:
- *ǵn̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
- *ǵn̥h₃-tó-s
- *ǵn̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *ǵn̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)
- *ǵneh₃-dʰl-
- Proto-Italic: *gnōðlis
- Latin: nōbilis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gnōðlis
- *ǵneh₃-meh₂
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē)
- Hellenic:
- *ǵnéh₃-mn̥ ~ *ǵn̥h₃-mén-s
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma)
- → Latin: grōma
- Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma)
- Proto-Slavic: *znàmę (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- *ǵnéh₃-mō
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn)
- → English: gnomon (or via Latin or a descendant thereof)
- Greek: γνώμονας (gnómonas)
- → Latin: gnōmōn (see there for further descendants)
- → Latin: norma (via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)
- Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn)
- Hellenic:
- *ǵneh₃-ri-
- Proto-Italic: *gnōriā
- Latin: glōria (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gnōriā
- *ǵn̥h₃-ro-
- Hellenic:
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos) (formed with -ιμος (-imos))
- Italic: *gnāros, *engnāros, *engnārāō, *gnārāō
- Latin: gnārus, ignārus, ignōrō, nārrō (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- *ǵneh₃-ti-
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis)
- Indo-Iranian:
- Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)
- → Middle Persian: [script needed] (znt' /Zand/, “Zand of Avesta”)
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)
- Aryan:
- Sanskrit: ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”)
- Sanskrit: जानाति (jānāti, “to know”)
- Iranian:
- Italic: *gnōtiō
- Latin: nōtiō (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- *ǵn̥h₃-wo-
- Italic:
- Latin: gnāvus
- Italic:
- *ǵn̥h₃-yo-m
- Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“omen”)
- Old Norse: kyn
- → Proto-Finnic: *koneh (“magic”) (Pre-Germanic borrowing)
- Finnish: kone (“machine”)
- Karelian: koneh
- Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“omen”)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *knēaną (apparently from *ǵneh₁-, of unknown origin) (see there for further descendants)
References
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 373