< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
*(Ø)-yós[1]
- Creates adjectives from noun (e.g. *diwyós) or verb (e.g. *kagʰyós/*kagʰyóm) stems.
Usage notes
When affixed to athematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the suffix was stressed and the noun appeared in the oblique stem. When affixed to thematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the noun was dropped; accent remained on the noun stem if the thematic vowel was not originally accented.
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *(Ø)-yós | *(Ø)-yéh₂ | |
| genitive | *(Ø)-yósyo | *(Ø)-yéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(Ø)-yós | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *(Ø)-yóes |
| vocative | *(Ø)-yé | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *(Ø)-yóes |
| accusative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *(Ø)-yóms |
| genitive | *(Ø)-yósyo | *? | *(Ø)-yóHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-yéad | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
| dative | *(Ø)-yóey | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
| locative | *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy | *? | *(Ø)-yóysu |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-yṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(Ø)-yéh₂ | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-yéh₂es |
| vocative | *(Ø)-yéh₂ | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-yéh₂es |
| accusative | *(Ø)-yā́m | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) | *(Ø)-yéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *(Ø)-yéh₂s | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-yéh₂s | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂mos |
| dative | *(Ø)-yéh₂ey | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂mos |
| locative | *(Ø)-yéh₂, *(Ø)-yéh₂i | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂su |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁ | *? | *(Ø)-yéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-yéh₂ |
| vocative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-yéh₂ |
| accusative | *(Ø)-yóm | *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) | *(Ø)-yéh₂ |
| genitive | *(Ø)-yósyo | *? | *(Ø)-yóHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-yéad | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
| dative | *(Ø)-yóey | *? | *(Ø)-yómos |
| locative | *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy | *? | *(Ø)-yóysu |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-yóh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-yṓys |
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-yós
- *e-yós
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: -εῖος (-eîos), -ήϊος (-ḗïos) (partially)
- → Latin: -ēus
- Ancient Greek: -εῖος (-eîos), -ήϊος (-ḗïos) (partially)
- Proto-Italic: *-eos
- Latin: -eus
- Hellenic:
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-jas
- Lithuanian: -ỹs, -ias/-jas
- Proto-Slavic: *-jь (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: -ιος (-ios)
- Italic:
- Latin: -ius
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yás
- Sanskrit: -य (-yá)
- Proto-Iranian: *-yáh
- Avestan: -𐬌𐬌𐬀 (-iia) (e.g. 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬌𐬌𐬀 (haomiia, “made from Haoma”) from 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma, “Haoma”))
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yás
References
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN