< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yókʷr̥
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- (*yékʷ-r̥ ~ ikʷéns)[1]
- (*Hyḗkʷ-r̥ ~ *Hyḗkʷn̥s)[2]
Etymology
From *Hyekʷ- (“liver”) + *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix).
Noun
*yókʷr̥ n
- liver
Inflection
| Athematic, acrostatic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | collective | |||
| nominative | *yókʷr̥ | *yékʷōr | ||
| genitive | *yékʷn̥s | *ikʷnés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | collective | |
| nominative | *yókʷr̥ | — | — | *yékʷōr |
| vocative | *yókʷr̥ | — | — | *yékʷōr |
| accusative | *yókʷr̥ | — | — | *yékʷōr |
| genitive | *yékʷn̥s | — | — | *ikʷnés |
| ablative | *yékʷn̥s | — | — | *ikʷnés |
| dative | *yékʷney | — | — | *ikʷnéy |
| locative | *yékʷn̥, *yékʷni | — | — | *ikʷén, *ikʷéni |
| instrumental | *yékʷn̥h₁ | — | — | *ikʷnéh₁ |
Descendants
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լեարդ (leard) (with unexplained initial l-)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jaknāˀ
- Latgalian: oknys
- Latvian: aknas
- Lithuanian: jẽknos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ikrā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *yékʷər (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyákr̥ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *jekʷor (see there for further descendants)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN