Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yewg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*yewg- (perfective)[1]

to join, to yoke, to tie together

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-

*yéwg-t ~ *yug-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háyawǰat
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háyawȷ́at
    - Sanskrit: अयुजत् (áyujat)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Háyawǰat
    - Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬔𐬆𐬝‎ (yaogət̰, 3.sg.aor.act.inj.)
*yu-né-g-ti ~ *yu-n-g-énti (nasal-infix present)
*yewg-new-ti (full-grade nu-present)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ζεύγνυμι (zeúgnumi)
*yówg-yo-s
- Proto-Germanic: *jaukiją (“draft animal”)
  - Old Norse: eykr
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáwgyas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáwgyas
    - Sanskrit: योग्य (yógya)
*yéwg-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ζεῦγμα (zeûgma)
*yéwg-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáwgas (see there for further descendants)
*yéwg-os ~ *yéwg-es-os
*yug-ó-m (“yoke”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἄζυξ (ázux)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ayúgas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ayúgas
    - Sanskrit: अयुग (ayúga)
*yéwg-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáwktram
Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit:
  - Sanskrit: युग्म (yugma)
  - Sanskrit: युज् (yúj)
  - Sanskrit: युज्य (yújya)
  - Sanskrit: युग्य (yugya)
- Celtic: *kom-yungis < zero grade present stem *yung-
  - Old Irish: cuing
    - Irish: cuing
    - Manx: quing
    - Scottish Gaelic: cuing

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN