Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wṓkʷs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From o-grade root noun of *wekʷ-.

Noun

*wṓkʷs f[1][2]

voice, speech

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*wṓkʷs
genitive	*wókʷs
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wṓkʷs	*wókʷh₁(e)	*wókʷes
vocative	*wókʷ	*wókʷh₁(e)	*wókʷes
accusative	*wókʷm̥	*wókʷh₁(e)	*wókʷm̥s
genitive	*wókʷs	*?	*wókʷoHom
ablative	*wókʷs	*?	*wókʷmos
dative	*wókʷey	*?	*wókʷmos
locative	wókʷ, wókʷi	*?	*wókʷsu
instrumental	*wókʷh₁	*?	*wókʷmis

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: wackis (“outcry”)[3]
- (possibly) Latvian: vāci (“Germans”)
- (possibly) Lithuanian: vokietis (“German”)
Proto-Hellenic: *wókʷs[2]
- Ancient Greek: ὄψ (óps)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wā́kš (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *wōks[1] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian: *wek (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms

*wṓkʷ-mo-s
- Proto-Germanic: *wōhmaz, *wōhmô
  - Old English: wōm (“noise”)
  - Old High German: giwahan
  - Old Norse: ómr (“sound”), ómun (“voice”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wōhmijaną (“to sound, make a noise”)
    - Old English: wēman

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vōx”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄψ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1138-1139
Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997), “wackis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius

[DV-1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vōx”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692

[Beekes-2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄψ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1138-1139

[3] Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997), “wackis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius