< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wōs
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
For **-woss (stem + nominative *-s). It was added to the zero-grade form of the perfect stem of a verb.
Suffix
*Cé-(Ø)-wōs
- Forms perfect participles from verbs.
Declension
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-wōs | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂ | |
| genitive | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-wōs | *Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-woses |
| vocative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-woses |
| accusative | *Cé-(∅)-wosm̥ | *Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-wosm̥s |
| genitive | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usoHom |
| ablative | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos |
| dative | *Cé-(∅)-usey | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos |
| locative | *Cé-(∅)-us, *Cé-(∅)-usi | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usu |
| instrumental | *Cé-(∅)-ush₁ | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usbʰi |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂ | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂es |
| vocative | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂ | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂es |
| accusative | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂m̥ | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mos |
| dative | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂ey | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mos |
| locative | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂i | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂h₁ | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰi |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosih₁ | *Cé-(∅)-wōs |
| vocative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosih₁ | *Cé-(∅)-wōs |
| accusative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosih₁ | *Cé-(∅)-wōs |
| genitive | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usoHom |
| ablative | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos |
| dative | *Cé-(∅)-usey | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos |
| locative | *Cé-(∅)-us, *Cé-(∅)-usi | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usu |
| instrumental | *Cé-(∅)-ush₁ | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usbʰi |
Derived terms
Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-wōs not found
- *bʰer-usih₂ (?)
- Germanic: *bērusjaz (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
- Hellenic: *-wōs
- Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs) (with innovated t-stem)
- Indo-Iranian: *-wās
- Indo-Aryan: [Term?]
- Sanskrit: -उष् (-uṣ)
- Iranian: [Term?]
- Avestan: -𐬎𐬱 (-uš)
- Indo-Aryan: [Term?]
- Tocharian: [Term?]
- Tocharian B: -u
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
- Lithuanian: -us (past half-participle)
- Lithuanian: [Term?] (past active participle)
See also
- *-onts
- *-mh₁nos
References
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell