Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHrós

< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wiHrós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

According to some, *wiHrós is derived from the verb *weyh₁- (“to hunt”) (cf. Sanskrit वेति (véti), Lithuanian výti etc.), which would render the reconstruction as *wih₁rós, with *h₁ at the place of otherwise unreconstructable laryngeal *H, and the original meaning of "hunter".

Noun

*wiHrós m (non-ablauting)

1. man
2. husband
3. warrior, hero

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*wiHrós
genitive	*wiHrósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wiHrós	*wiHróh₁	*wiHróes
vocative	*wiHré	*wiHróh₁	*wiHróes
accusative	*wiHróm	*wiHróh₁	*wiHróms
genitive	*wiHrósyo	*?	*wiHróoHom
ablative	*wiHréad	*?	*wiHrómos
dative	*wiHróey	*?	*wiHrómos
locative	*wiHréy, *wiHróy	*?	*wiHróysu
instrumental	*wiHróh₁	*?	*wiHrṓys

Comment

Germanic, Celtic, and Italic forms point to a short *i, with loss of the root laryngeal, which is reconstructed on the basis of Sanskrit and Lithuanian (Balto-Slavic acute, retracted to the root vowel by Hirt's law) forms.

Descendants

• Armenian:
  • (possibly) Old Armenian: ամուրի (amuri, “husbandless”)
• Balto-Slavic: *wī́ˀras (“husband, man”)
  • Latvian: vīrs
  • Lithuanian: výras
  • Old Prussian: wijrs
• Celtic: *wiros (see there for further descendants)
• Germanic: *weraz (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: [Term?]
  • (possibly) Ancient Greek: *ϝῑρος (*wīros, “hawk, eagle”)[1]
    • Ancient Greek: *ϝῑρᾱξ (*wīrāx)[1]
      • Ancient Greek: ἱέρᾱξ (hiérāx)
• Indo-Iranian: *wiHrás (see there for further descendants)
• Italic: *wiros (see there for further descendants)
• Tocharian: *wir
  • Tocharian A: wir (“youthful, young, fresh”)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἱέραξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 579-580