Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weys-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weys-[1][2][3]

to raise, increase
to produce, procreate
to melt away, flow (?)[4]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weys-

*wéys-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wéištei
  - Latvian: viest (“to rear, raise, increase”)
  - Lithuanian: veĩsti (“to breed, rear”)
*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati
  - Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati[5]
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝‎ (vōiždat̰, “to raise”)
- ⇒ *wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti (athematic root present)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždᶻdʰi
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáyḍḍʰi
      - Sanskrit: विड्ढि (viḍḍhí, “to labour, produce”, 2sg.imp.)
*wis-né-s-ti ~ *wis-n̥-s-én-ti (nasal-infix)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: vìsti (“to multiply, breed”)
*wis-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)
- Proto-Italic: *wizēō
  - Latin: vireō (see there for further descendants)
*wí-weys-ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíwayšti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíwayṣṭi
    - Sanskrit: विवेष्टि (víveṣṭi, “to labour, produce”)

*woys-ó-s (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Albanian: *waiša
  - Albanian: vesh m (“grape, wine grape”)
*wóys-eh₂ (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *waišāˀ
  - Lithuanian: vaĩsius (“fruit”)
  - Old Prussian: wēisin (“fruit”, acc.sg.)
  - Proto-Slavic: *věxà (“straw bundle”)[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *waisō (“sprout, stem”)[6]
  - Old English: wīse
  - Old Saxon: wisa
    - Middle Low German: wēse
      - Low German: Wees
    - ⇒ Old Saxon: wiska
      - Middle Low German: wische
        Low German: Wisch
  - Old Dutch:
    - Middle Dutch: wēse; wisch
  - Old High German: wīsa
    - Middle High German: wise
      - German: Wiese
  - Old Norse: vísir
    - Norwegian: veis

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 672
Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “virus”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416
Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-1-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-3-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 672

[etymonline-4] Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “virus”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[Cheung-5] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416

[HGE-6] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 441