< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werdʰh₁om
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *werh₁- (“to speak, say”), with the extension -dʰh₁, which expresses the perfective aspect. [1]
Noun
*werdʰh₁om n
- word
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *werdʰh₁om | ||
| genitive | *werdʰh₁osyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *werdʰh₁om | *werdʰh₁oy(h₁) | *werdʰh₁eh₂ |
| vocative | *werdʰh₁om | *werdʰh₁oy(h₁) | *werdʰh₁eh₂ |
| accusative | *werdʰh₁om | *werdʰh₁oy(h₁) | *werdʰh₁eh₂ |
| genitive | *werdʰh₁osyo | *? | *werdʰh₁oHom |
| ablative | *werdʰh₁ead | *? | *werdʰh₁omos |
| dative | *werdʰh₁oey | *? | *werdʰh₁omos |
| locative | *werdʰh₁ey, *werdʰh₁oy | *? | *werdʰh₁oysu |
| instrumental | *werdʰh₁oh₁ | *? | *werdʰh₁ōys |
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wardas (from the o-grade *wordʰh₁om)
- Latvian: vārds (“name, word”)
- Lithuanian: var̃das (“name”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirdas (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om)
- Old Prussian: wirds
- → Proto-Finnic: *virci (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *wurdą (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om[2]) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *werβom (see there for further descendants)
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Wort”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- “Wort” in: Deutsches Wörterbuch (Grimm)