Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/twerH-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)twerH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*twerH-[1][2][3][4]

to enclose, fence in
to grab, seize

Derived terms

*turH-yé-ti (yé-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: turēt (“to hold, keep”)
  - Lithuanian: turėti (“to have”)
*twérH-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: tvert (“to grab, seize”)
  - Lithuanian: tvérti
*tworH-éye-ti (causative-iterative)[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twárīˀtei
  - Latvian: tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”)
  - Lithuanian: tvárstyti (“to bandage”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *tvorìti (“to make”) (see there for further descendants)
*twōr (root noun)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: tvora (“fence”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *tvarь (see there for further descendants)
*tworH-o-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twaras
  - Lithuanian: ap-tvaras (“fence”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tworós
  - Ancient Greek: σορός (sorós, “coffin, urn”)
*twérH-ō ~ *turH-nés
- >? Proto-Germanic: *þwerō; *þurraz
  - ⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *þurruk (“hold (of a ship)”) (see there for further descendants)
*twerH-y-eh₂[1]
- Proto-Hellenic: *tseřřā́
  - Ancient Greek: σειρά (seirá), σειρή (seirḗ), σηρᾱ́ (sērā́)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1373
Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 500-501
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “twerH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 656
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 476-477

[beekes-1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1373

[derksen-2] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 500-501

[LIV-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “twerH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 656

[baltderksen-4] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 476-477