< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tr̥nós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Possibly derived from *(s)ter- (“stiff”) + *-nós.
Adjective
*tr̥nós
- sharp, stiff
- thorn
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *tr̥nós | *tr̥néh₂ | |
| genitive | *tr̥nósyo | *tr̥néh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tr̥nós | *tr̥nóh₁ | *tr̥nóes |
| vocative | *tr̥né | *tr̥nóh₁ | *tr̥nóes |
| accusative | *tr̥nóm | *tr̥nóh₁ | *tr̥nóms |
| genitive | *tr̥nósyo | *? | *tr̥nóHom |
| ablative | *tr̥néad | *? | *tr̥nómos |
| dative | *tr̥nóey | *? | *tr̥nómos |
| locative | *tr̥néy, *tr̥nóy | *? | *tr̥nóysu |
| instrumental | *tr̥nóh₁ | *? | *tr̥nṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tr̥néh₂ | *tr̥néh₂h₁(e) | *tr̥néh₂es |
| vocative | *tr̥néh₂ | *tr̥néh₂h₁(e) | *tr̥néh₂es |
| accusative | *tr̥nā́m | *tr̥néh₂h₁(e) | *tr̥néh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *tr̥néh₂s | *? | *tr̥néh₂oHom |
| ablative | *tr̥néh₂s | *? | *tr̥néh₂mos |
| dative | *tr̥néh₂ey | *? | *tr̥néh₂mos |
| locative | *tr̥néh₂, *tr̥néh₂i | *? | *tr̥néh₂su |
| instrumental | *tr̥néh₂h₁ | *? | *tr̥néh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tr̥nóm | *tr̥nóy(h₁) | *tr̥néh₂ |
| vocative | *tr̥nóm | *tr̥nóy(h₁) | *tr̥néh₂ |
| accusative | *tr̥nóm | *tr̥nóy(h₁) | *tr̥néh₂ |
| genitive | *tr̥nósyo | *? | *tr̥nóHom |
| ablative | *tr̥néad | *? | *tr̥nómos |
| dative | *tr̥nóey | *? | *tr̥nómos |
| locative | *tr̥néy, *tr̥nóy | *? | *tr̥nóysu |
| instrumental | *tr̥nóh₁ | *? | *tr̥nṓys |
Derived terms
All descendants show a nominalization from the adjective with the sense of "stiff", meaning that in late PIE, it was probably realized as a noun, with a shift in accent as a result of nominalization, yielding the noun *tŕ̥nos or *tŕ̥nom.
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tírnas[1] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þurnaz[2] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥nam (“grass, stalk”) (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Uralic:
- Proto-Finnic: *tarna (see there for further descendants)
- Permic: *turn
- Komi-Zyrian: турун (turun)
- Udmurt: турын (turyn)
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tь̀rnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “þurnaz”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 552-553