Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tpḗrsneh₂

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps from *t(s)pērH- (“to kick with the heel”) +‎ *-sneh₂, possible compound of *pd- (“foot”) +‎ *sperH- (“to beat, kick”).[1] Alternatively from *t(s)pḗr-s +‎ *-néh₂, s-stem of the same root.

Noun

*tpḗrsneh₂ f[2][3][1][4]

heel, upper thigh

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
	singular
nominative	*tpḗrsneh₂
genitive	*tpḗrsneh₂s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tpḗrsneh₂	—	—
vocative	*tpḗrsneh₂	—	—
accusative	*tpḗrsnām	—	—
genitive	*tpḗrsneh₂s	—	—
ablative	*tpḗrsneh₂s	—	—
dative	*tpḗrsneh₂ey	—	—
locative	tpḗrsneh₂, tpḗrsneh₂i	—	—
instrumental	*tpḗrsneh₂h₁	—	—

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (paršna-)
Proto-Germanic: *fersnō[3] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πτέρνη (ptérnē)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pā́ršniš (< *tpērsneh₂-i-s)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pā́rṣniṣ
  - Sanskrit: पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)
- Proto-Iranian: *pā́ršniš
  - Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀‎ (pāšna)
  - Gurani: پاژنە‎ (pāžna)
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: pehnî, panî
    Central Kurdish: پانێ‎ (panê), پانیە‎ (panye), پاژنە‎ (pajne)
    Southern Kurdish: پاژنە‎ (pajne)
  - Old Persian:
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (pʾšnk' /pāšnag/)
      - Persian: پاشنه‎ (pâšne)
  - Zazaki: paşne
Proto-Italic: *persnā[1]
- Latin: perna (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian: *porsno (“ankle”) (< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-)[4]
- Tocharian B: porsnai-

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “perna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 460-461: “*persnā-”
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 183: “*pérsn-ehₐ- 'heel'”
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fersnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137: “*tpēr-sneh₂”
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “porsno*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 435: “*pērsnehₐ-h₁en-”

[De_Vaan-1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “perna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 460-461: “*persnā-”

[2] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 183: “*pérsn-ehₐ- 'heel'”

[Kroonen-3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fersnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137: “*tpēr-sneh₂”

[Adams-4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “porsno*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 435: “*pērsnehₐ-h₁en-”