< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tetḱ-
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Reanalyzed reduplication from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”).
Reconstruction
Before the modern deciphering of thorn clusters, this root was formerly represented as *tekþ-, *teḱþ-[1] . This analysis has now been abandoned.
Root
*tetḱ- (imperfective)[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- to create, produce
- to cut, hew
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ-
- *tḗtḱ-ti ~ *tétḱ-n̥ti (Narten imperfective)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *téśtei
- Latvian: test
- Proto-Slavic: *tesàti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́ćšti, *táćšati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́ṭṣṭi, *táṭṣati
- Sanskrit: ताष्टि (tā́ṣṭi), तक्षति (tákṣati, 3pl.)
- Proto-Iranian: *tā́šti, *tášati
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙𐬌 (auui tāšti), 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙 (tāšt)
- Old Persian: 𐏃𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎡𐎹 (h-t-x-š-t-i-y /haᵐtaxšataiy/)
- Proto-Nuristani: *táscati
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: taćë́-
- Kativiri: sëćé-
- Kamkata-viri:
- Southern Nuristani:
- Ashkun: tō̃́ćie-
- Northern Nuristani:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́ṭṣṭi, *táṭṣati
- Proto-Italic: *teksō (perhaps) (or from *teḱ-s-e-ti)
- Latin: texō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: tāks-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *téśtei
- *totḱ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: tašýti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taćšáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣáyati
- Sanskrit: तक्षयति (takṣáyati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣáyati
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *tétḱ-ō ~ *tḱ-nés (“carpenter”) (see there for further descendants)
- *tetḱ-(dʰ)lo- (“adze”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *tesla, *teslò (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *tāxslos
- Primitive Irish: ᚈᚐᚂᚐᚌᚅᚔ (talagni) (perhaps)
- Old Irish: tál
- Irish: tál
- Old Irish: tál
- Primitive Irish: ᚈᚐᚂᚐᚌᚅᚔ (talagni) (perhaps)
- Proto-Germanic: *þehslō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: tēla, tēlum (or from Proto-Indo-European *tend-)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *tetḱ-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *þehsō
- Old English: þeox
- Old High German: dehsa
- Middle High German: dehse
- German: Dechse
- Middle High German: dehse
- Proto-Germanic: *þehsō
- *tetḱ-sneh₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τέχνη (tékhnē), τέχνᾱ (tékhnā)
- Greek: τέχνη (téchni)
- → Latin: techna
- English: techno-
- Ancient Greek: τέχνη (tékhnē), τέχνᾱ (tékhnā)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *tₔtḱ-tós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taćšṭás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣṭás
- Sanskrit: तष्ट (taṣṭá)
- Proto-Iranian: *taštáh
- Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (tašta)
- Middle Persian: tšt' (tašt), [script needed] (tʾšytk /tāšīdag/) (see there for further descendants)
- Parthian: [script needed] (tʾst /tāst/), [script needed] (tʾstg /tāstag/)
- → Persian: طاس (tâs) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: տաշեմ (tašem)
- Armenian: տաշել (tašel)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *taṭṣṭás
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: testa
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *taćšṭás
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *tēkslā[11]
- Proto-Albanian: *tāslā
- Albanian: tollë
- Proto-Albanian: *tāslā
- Proto-Albanian: *taksjā[12]
- Albanian: teshë
- Proto-Albanian: *tēkslā[11]
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “tek̑þ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1058-1059
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tetk̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 638-639
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “tašyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tesàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tesla; teslò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τέκτων”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1460
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*taš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 384-385
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “tāks-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*tāxslo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “tollë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 459
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “teshë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 453