< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₁-
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₂-
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
- *treh₁- (metathesized)
Root
*terh₁-[1]
- to rub, turn
- to drill, pierce
Extensions
- *ter-kʷ-
- *tr-ey-
- *tr-i-to-
- Proto-Italic: *tritos
- Latin: trītus (for expected tritus perhaps after trīvī)
- Proto-Italic: *tritos
- *tr-ey-ḱo-
- Proto-Italic: *trīkos
- Latin: trīcae
- Proto-Italic: *trīkos
- *tr-ey-dʰlom
- Proto-Italic: *treiðlom
- Latin: trībulum, trībulō
- Proto-Italic: *treiðlom
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: triō
- ⇒ Latin: septentriō (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: triō
- *tr-i-to-
- *ter-g-
- Proto-Italic: *tergēō
- Latin: tergō, tergeō
- Proto-Italic: *tergēō
- *tr-ey-gʷ-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τρῑ́βω (trī́bō)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τρίβος (tríbos)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τριβή (tribḗ)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *tr-eh₂-g-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τρώγω (trṓgō), τράγω (trágō), τράγος (trágos)
- *tr-ew(H)-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τέρυ (téru), τρύω (trúō), ἄτρυτος (átrutos), τρῦμα (trûma), τρύ̄μη (trú̄mē), τρῡτάνη (trūtánē), τιτρώσκω (titrṓskō), τρώω (trṓō), τρῶσις (trôsis), τρῶμα (trôma)/τραῦμα (traûma)
- *tr-ew-gʰ-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τρύχω (trúkhō)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *tr-ewH?-p-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τρῡπάω (trūpáō), τρύ̄πανον (trú̄panon), τρύ̄πη (trú̄pē)
- Proto-Hellenic:
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₁-
- *terh₁- (root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *térˀtei
- Proto-Slavic: *terti (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- Latin: terō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *térˀtei
- *tér-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *téřřō
- Ancient Greek: τείρω (teírō)
- Proto-Hellenic: *téřřō
- *tor-ó-
- Proto-Hellenic: *torós
- Ancient Greek: τορός (torós)
- Proto-Hellenic: *torós
- *tór-o-
- Proto-Hellenic: *tóros
- Ancient Greek: τόρος (tóros), τορεύς (toreús)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tóros
- *tór-mo-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *þarmaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tórmos
- Ancient Greek: τόρμος (tórmos)
- *tór-no-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *tórnos
- Ancient Greek: τόρνος (tórnos)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tórnos
- *tr̥h₁-tó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *trētós
- Ancient Greek: τρητός (trētós)
- Proto-Hellenic: *trētós
- *térh₁-tro-m
- Proto-Celtic: *taratrom (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *téretron
- Ancient Greek: τέρετρον (téretron)
- *térh₁-dʰro-m
- Proto-Italic: *tereðrom
- Latin: terebrum, terebra
- Proto-Italic: *tereðrom
- *terh₁-t-s
- Proto-Italic: *terets
- Latin: teres
- Proto-Italic: *terets
- From *treh₁-
- *treh₁- (metathesized root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *þrēaną (see there for further descendants)
- *treh₁-sḱe-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *þreskaną (see there for further descendants)
- *tréh₁-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *trḗmə
- Ancient Greek: τρῆμα (trêma)
- → English: trema, -treme
- → French: tréma
- Greek: τρήμα (tríma)
- Ancient Greek: τρῆμα (trêma)
- Proto-Hellenic: *trḗmə
- *tréh₁-ti-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *trḗtis
- Ancient Greek: τρῆσις (trêsis)
- Proto-Hellenic: *trḗtis
- *tréh₁-tu-s ~ *tr̥h₁-téw-s
- Proto-Germanic: *þrēduz (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: արածեմ (aracem), արաւտ (arawt) (possibly)
- Old Armenian: թուր (tʿur)
- Old Armenian: թրթուր (tʿrtʿur)
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τετραίνω (tetraínō)
- Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Iranian: *tarH- (“to rub, wipe (?)”)[2]
- Sogdian: [script needed] (prtr- /pr-tr-/, “to dry up, wipe off”), ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (ds-pr-tr, “handtowel”)
- Proto-Iranian: *tarH- (“to rub, wipe (?)”)[2]
- Italic:
- Latin: trūcta
- → Albanian: troftë
- Asturian: trucha
- Catalan: truita
- → English: trout
- French: truite
- Friulian: trute
- Galician: troita
- Italian: trota
- Occitan: troita, trocha
- Portuguese: truta
- Romansch: truta
- Sicilian: trota, trotta
- Spanish: trucha
- Venetian: truta
- Latin: trūcta
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
Further reading
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “ter-, terə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1071–1073
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “terd-, tred-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1076