Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ten- (perfective)[1][2][3]

to stretch, to extend
Synonym: *temp-

Extensions

*ten-d-
*ten-gʰ-
*ten-s-
(possibly) *ten-h₂-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-

*tn̥-néw-ti ~ *tn̥-nw-énti (new-present)[2][4][5]
*tén-t ~ *tn-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Celtic: *tenti
  - Old Irish: téit
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hátant
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hátant
    - Sanskrit: अतन् (átan)
*te-tón-e ~ *te-tn-ḗr (stative)[2][6][7]
*ti-tn̥-yé-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *titə́ňňō
  - Ancient Greek: τιταίνω (titaínō)
*tn̥-é-ti (innovative zero-grade, thematic present)[2][8]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tintei
  - Latvian: tît
  - Lithuanian: tìnti
*tén-ye-ti (innovative ye-present)[2][9][10][11]
- Proto-Albanian: *en-tenja
  - Albanian: ndej
- Proto-Hellenic: *téňňō
  - Ancient Greek: τείνω (teínō)
*ton-éye-ti (causative)[2][12]
*tn̥-éh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)[2][6][13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tenḗˀtei
  - Lithuanian: tenė́ti (“thicken; clot”)
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old High German: donēn
- Proto-Italic: *tenēō
  - Faliscan: 𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌕 (tenet)
  - Latin: teneō (see there for further descendants)
  - Umbrian: 𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌉𐌕𐌖 (tenitu)
*tén-os ~ *tén-es-[3][11][6]
*tén-tis[3][14]
*tén-tlo-m, *tn̥-tló-s[3][15][16][17]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tintla-
  - Latvian: tìkls
  - Lithuanian: tiñklas
  - ⇒ Old Prussian: sasintinklo
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tántram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tántram
    - Sanskrit: तन्त्र (tántra)[18] (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tánθram[18] ~ *tā́nθram[12]
    - Persian: تار‎ (târ)
      - Tajik: тор (tor)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (tūr)
    - Pashto: تور‎ (tōr)
*tén-tu-s ~ *tn̥-téw-s[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tántuš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tántuṣ
    - Sanskrit: तन्तु (tántu)
- Proto-Italic: *tentos
  - Latin: tentus (see there for further descendants)
*ton-sl-i[19]
- Proto-Italic: *tonslis
  - Latin: tōlēs, tonsillae
*tón-os[3][11][20]
*tn̥-néh₂[3][21]
*-tn̥-nó-s, *-tn̥-nis (suffix denoting extent of time)[22]
*tn̥-tós[3][23]
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Slavic: *tenetò (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1065f
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 626-627
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 690-694
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τάνυται”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1450
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 369
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “teneō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 612-613
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 467–468
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ndej ~ ndêj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 283
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ndej”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 284
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τείνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1457-1458
Абаев, В. И. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 262, 301–303
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464
Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “tant*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tenetò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 690–694
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 622f
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tōlēs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 621
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 367
Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 281–282
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 369–370

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1065f

[LIV_*ten--2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 626-627

[LIN_*ten--3] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 690-694

[Beekes_τάνυται-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τάνυται”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1450

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 369

[DV_teneo-6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “teneō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 612-613

[Cheung_*tan-7] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 467–468

[9] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ndej ~ ndêj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 283

[10] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ndej”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 284

[Beekes_τείνω-11] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τείνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1457-1458

[Abaev-12] Абаев, В. И. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 262, 301–303

[13] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464

[14] Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “tant*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[15] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467

[16] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tenetò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490

[LIN-17] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 690–694

[EWAia-18] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 622f

[19] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tōlēs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 621

[20] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458

[21] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 367

[22] Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 281–282

[23] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 369–370